File:7th-century Akkanna Madanna Upper Cave, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh - 7.jpg

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Captions

Captions

Upper cave temple from the Eastern Chalukya era, pillars of the mandapa

Summary

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Description
English: Vijayawada is an ancient city on the left bank of the Krishna river, with evidence of a human settlement predating 2nd-century BCE.
  • The Akkanna Madanna caves are rock-cut Hindu temples found close to the river, at the foothills of a historic Durga temple and pilgrimmage center.
  • These were the largest and earliest surviving cave monuments within Vijayawada city premises (the Vaishnava Undavalli caves are outside the city, though nearby).
  • Most scholars date them to the mid-7th-century. The ASI along with a few scholars place them between 6th and 7th-century CE.
  • There are two caves – upper and lower. The upper cave is larger. Both are dedicated to Shaivism (Shiva), though the included artwork show a few Shaktism and Vaishnavism themes. The largest reliefs are Shaiva. These include Ganesha and Shaiva dvarapalas.
  • Though they are old, they are renamed after Akkanna and Madanna, two brothers who were appointed ministers during the third quarter of the 17th-century, by the Shia Islamic Qutb Shah dynasty. The brothers were responsible for jizya tax collection from the Hindu citizens. Before the fall of the dynasty, the two brothers were beheaded under the orders of Sultan Abul Hasan Tana Shah. Two years later, Tana Shah lost his Sultanate, when the Shia dynasty was dismissed by the Sunni Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. These caves continue to be remembered after the Akkanna and Madanna brothers.
  • These caves were damaged and deliberately mutilated at some point in their history. Sections of the artwork, ruins of pillars from the damaged mandapa, brackets are seen in the complex. Some of these are of the same stone as the caves, while others are ruins from another destroyed historic temple nearby that were made from another type of stone.
Date
Source Own work
Author Ms Sarah Welch
Camera location16° 30′ 51.83″ N, 80° 36′ 22.82″ E  Heading=339.7329560072° Kartographer map based on OpenStreetMap.View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMapinfo

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I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
Creative Commons CC-Zero This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

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current23:08, 4 September 2021Thumbnail for version as of 23:08, 4 September 20213,931 × 2,948 (4.37 MB)Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs)Uploaded own work with UploadWizard

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