File:Brachiopods (Marblehead Member, Columbus Limestone, Middle Devonian; lakehore outcrop near Marblehead Lighthouse, Ottawa County, Ohio, USA) 1 (48541344807).jpg
Original file (3,008 × 2,000 pixels, file size: 5.23 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionBrachiopods (Marblehead Member, Columbus Limestone, Middle Devonian; lakehore outcrop near Marblehead Lighthouse, Ottawa County, Ohio, USA) 1 (48541344807).jpg |
Brachiopods in the Devonian of Ohio, USA. The Columbus Limestone is a significant carbonate unit in the Devonian of central and northern Ohio. It's actually part of a much more widespread sheet of Devonian carbonates that extends from New York State to the Midwest. The Columbus Limestone represents deposition in a subtropical, shallow-water, carbonate platform environment. The rocks are principally micritic limestones, fossiliferous wackestones, and fossiliferous packstones. Some chert nodules are present in the unit. Fossils are typical Paleozoic shallow marine invertebrates - favositid corals, rugose corals, stromatoporoids brachiopods, crinoids, blastoids, bryozoans, trilobites, bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, rostroconchs, and tentaculites. Microfossils include conodonts and charophyte oogonia. Other fossils in the Columbus Limestone include vertebrates (fish), land plants (rare), and trace fossils. Some fossil horizons in the Columbus Limestone are partially silicified. The thick-bedded Columbus Limestone is overlain by the thin-bedded Delaware Limestone. The contact is a prominent disconformity (a type II sequence boundary). Biostratigraphic studies have shown that one conodont biozone is missing at the Columbus-Delaware contact in central Ohio, probably representing ~1 to 3 million years. The base of the Columbus Limestone is a major, continent-wide unconformity representing the Tippecanoe-Kaskaskia megasequence boundary (a type I sequence boundary). Seen here are fossil brachiopods in Ohio's Marblehead Peninsula. Brachiopods are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding, marine invertebrate. They first appear in Cambrian rocks and were abundant in Earth's oceans throughout the Paleozoic. They were also common in Mesozoic oceans, but are scarce in modern oceanic biotas. Brachiopods have two shells, called valves, that are usually calcareous (made of calcite - CaCO3 - calcium carbonate). Each shell of a brachiopod is bilaterally symmetrical, unlike each shell of a bivalve (clam). Classification: Animalia, Brachiopoda, Articulata (a.k.a. Rhynchonelliformea) Stratigraphy: Marblehead Member, Columbus Limestone, Eifelian Stage, lower Middle Devonian Locality: lakeshore outcrop near Marblehead Lighthouse, far-eastern Marblehead Peninsula, far-eastern Ottawa County, far-northern Ohio, USA (vicinity of 41° 32’ 11.14” North latitude, 82° 42’ 41.44” West longitude) |
Date | |
Source | Brachiopods (Marblehead Member, Columbus Limestone, Middle Devonian; lakehore outcrop near Marblehead Lighthouse, Ottawa County, Ohio, USA) 1 |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
[edit]- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/48541344807 (archive). It was reviewed on 12 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
12 October 2019
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 04:43, 12 October 2019 | 3,008 × 2,000 (5.23 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
---|---|
Camera model | NIKON D70s |
Exposure time | 1/1,000 sec (0.001) |
F-number | f/13 |
ISO speed rating | 1,600 |
Date and time of data generation | 16:58, 11 June 2007 |
Lens focal length | 56 mm |
Width | 3,008 px |
Height | 2,000 px |
Bits per component |
|
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 16.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 23:09, 1 August 2019 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 16:58, 11 June 2007 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX shutter speed | 9.965784 |
APEX aperture | 7.400879 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.5 APEX (f/4.76) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 90 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 90 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 90 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 84 mm |
Scene capture type | Landscape |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Hard |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 1004a0cc |
Lens used | 18.0-200.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 17:09, 1 August 2019 |
Unique ID of original document | DBE6826CE774EFA3EF6AC4EC1648C47F |