File:Buonaparte at Rome giving audience in state (BM 1868,0808.6606).jpg

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Buonaparte at Rome giving audience in state   (Wikidata search (Cirrus search) Wikidata query (SPARQL)  Create new Wikidata item based on this file)
Artist

Print made by: Isaac Cruikshank

Published by: S W Fores
Title
Buonaparte at Rome giving audience in state
Description
English: Bonaparte sits in state on a small dais (right) receiving homage from the Pope who is followed by cardinals. He wears a large tattered cocked hat riddled by bullets, close-fitting and dilapidated uniform, with spurred half-boots. He leans back with folded arms, putting his right foot on the Pope's forehead and dislodging his triple crown; a talon-like toe protrudes through a hole in the boot. The aged Pope lays the keys of St. Peter at the feet of the conqueror, who says, "I say, remember to take off your Hat when you wait on a Gemman!!! There kiss that you foutre." His left foot rests on a cushion. Behind the Pope stands a cardinal, holding 'Mary Magdalene's Cracked Pitcher'. A grinning French soldier with a drawn sword drives him forward with a kick from a bare leg. On the extreme left a cardinal crouches, holding out 'Vn Marys Peticoat'. The procession towards Bonaparte terminates in the figures of saints and a crucifix carried high. A grinning French grenadier, without breeches, stands behind Bonaparte's chair, urinating into a receptacle for 'Holy Water'. 12 March 1797
Hand-coloured etching
Depicted people Representation of: Napoléon I, Emperor of the French
Date 1797
date QS:P571,+1797-00-00T00:00:00Z/9
Medium paper
Dimensions
Height: 288 millimetres
Width: 388 millimetres
institution QS:P195,Q6373
Current location
Prints and Drawings
Accession number
1868,0808.6606
Notes

(Description and comment from M.Dorothy George, 'Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires in the British Museum', VII, 1942) There were reports in February 1797 that Bonaparte was in Rome; he entered Ancona, 5 Feb., and demanded a plenipotentiary from Rome. See Sorel, 'L'Europe et la Rév. fr.', v. 147-9- The humiliating terms of the Treaty of Tolentino (19 Feb.) were anticipated ('Lond. Chron.', 13 Mar. 1797) and published in full on 30 Mar. See Séché, 'Pie VI et le Directoire', 1894, and two French satirical prints against the Pope (Dayot, 'Rév. fr.', pp. 386, 388). The first appearance of Bonaparte in these satires; the head, though caricatured, is evidently based on a portrait. Reproduced, Broadley, i. 94.

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The image of the pope's tiara being kicked off his head is an inversion of an illustration to Foxe's Book of Martyrs (Lubomirsky and Ingam, 11223.28; see 1994,0515.12) showing Pope Celestine kicking the crown from the head of Emperor Heinrich VI (1165-97) who kneels at his feet. Cruikshank would have known the illustration in one of its many versions: copies of Foxe were still to be found in every English church with several new editions appearing during the late18th century. Napoleon's humiliation of Pius VI was celebrated in the context of these images of Counter-Reformation atrocities that helped to keep anti-papal sentiment alive in English popular opinion.

The motif of the pope humiliating a monarch derives ultimately from Luther's 'Passional Christi und Antichristi' where Cranach's woodcut of a king kissing a pope's foot is contrasted with Christ washing and kissing the foot of an apostle before the Last Supper (see 1904,0206.41.6). Later uses of the motif include the frontispiece to William Prynne, 'An Exact Chronologicall Vindication ... of our King's Supreme Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction' (1665) where Pope Alexander VII rests his foot on a prostrate king (1849,0315.34). Foxe also used an inverted version where Henry VIII rests his foot on the neck of Pope Clement VII.
Source/Photographer https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1868-0808-6606
Permission
(Reusing this file)		 © The Trustees of the British Museum, released as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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