File:Cambiamenti climatici e effetti sull'oceano.png
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Italiano: L'eccesso di radiazione solare entra nell'atmosfera. Il ghiaccio riflette la radiazione, che però viene assorbita dalla superficie dell'oceano, portando al suo riscaldamento. Il riscaldamento dell'oceano porta allo scioglimento del ghiaccio terrestre e all'espansione termica, che insieme danno luogo all'innalzamento del livello del mare. Il riscaldamento di vaste aree della superficie oceanica riscalda anche il livello di acqua intermedio, che, tra le altre cose, può portare a cambiamenti locali delle acque profonde. Nelle aree in cui avviene lo scioglimento del ghiaccio terrestre si registra un raffreddamento locale. Al contrario si nota un aumento della salinità locale in aree a vasta evaporazione. Il riscaldamento della superficie oceanica diminuisce anche la solubilità dei gas, portando a una concentrazione ridotta di ossigeno e i relativi cambiamenti nel flusso mare-ossigeno. L'eccesso di diossido di carbonio dovuto all'attività umana aumenta il suo assorbimento da parte dell'oceano e porta a una graduale acidificazione dell'oceano. Un PH in diminuzione porta alla sotto-saturazione del bicarbonato, che causa lo scioglimento di conchiglie e altri minerali. L'immissione a livello locale di nitrogeno reattivo può portare alla fertilizzazione e alla eutrofizzazione. Un altro effetto locale è la presenza di onde alte. Il riscaldamento, l'ossigeno ridotto e l'eutrofizzazione portano a una maggiore stratificazione delle masse d'acqua.
Basato su: Ciais P, Sabine C, Bala G et al (2013) Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K et al (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York Rhein M, Rintoul SR, Aoki S et al (2013) Observations: ocean. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K et al (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New YorkEnglish: Excess solar radiation enters the atmosphere. Ice reflects this radiation, but it is taken up by the surface ocean, leading to its warming. Ocean warming results in land ice melt and thermal expansion, which both result in a sea level rise. Heating of vast areas of the surface ocean also slowly heats up the intermediate water layer which, among others, can ultimately lead to regional changes of deep water. Regional freshening occurs on sites with melting land ice. Regional salinification on the contrary happens in areas of vast evaporation. Surface ocean warming also decreases the solubility of gases, leading to a reduced oxygen concentration and thus changes in the sea-oxygen flux. Excess anthropogenic carbon dioxide enhances its uptake by the ocean and leads to a gradual acidification of the ocean. A decreasing pH results in bicarbonate undersaturation, which causes dissolving of shells and other minerals. Regional input of reactive nitrogen can lead to fertilization and eutrophication. Another regional effect is the occurrence of high waves. Heating, reduced oxygen concentrations and eutrophication lead to higher stratification of water masses.
Based on: Ciais P, Sabine C, Bala G et al (2013) Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K et al (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York Rhein M, Rintoul SR, Aoki S et al (2013) Observations: ocean. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K et al (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York |
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| Source | Work derived from "Overview of climatic changes and their effects on the ocean", by Laura Käse and Jana K. Geuer, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons |
| Author | LIL.PAOLO |
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