File:Cave boxwork (Wind Cave, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 96.jpg
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| Description |
English: Cave boxwork in South Dakota, USA.
Boxwork is a scarce cave feature characterized by a network of intersecting veins projecting from cave walls or ceilings. Boxwork veins are typically composed of calcite, but quartz and gypsum boxwork have also been reported. Wind Cave in South Dakota’s Black Hills is the best locality on Earth for seeing abundant, well-developed cave boxwork. Wind Cave is developed in the Lower Mississippian Pahasapa Limestone. Early in the geologic history of Wind Cave, the rocks were attacked by sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and became decomposed, leaving a residual, crumbly, sandy-like material. Veins in the limestone bedrock were originally gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O - hydrous calcium sulfate), which is immune to sulfuric acid attack. The result was gypsum veins sticking out from cave walls. These projecting gypsum veins were later replaced by calcite (CaCO3 - calcium carbonate). Locality: Wind Cave, southern Black Hills, southwestern South Dakota, USA Synthesized from: Palmer, A.N. 2007. Cave Geology. Dayton. Cave Books & Cave Research Foundation. 454 pp. A.N. Palmer (pers. comm., 2011) |
| Date | |
| Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52951737454/ |
| Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52951737454. It was reviewed on 6 June 2023 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
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| current | 13:16, 6 June 2023 | | 3,989 × 2,835 (9.93 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52951737454/ with UploadWizard |
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