File:Citadel Outlet Mall, City of Commerce, California (14516684582).jpg
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DescriptionCitadel Outlet Mall, City of Commerce, California (14516684582).jpg |
English: Commerce is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 12,823 at the 2010 census, up from 12,568 at the 2000 census. It is bordered by Vernon on the west, Los Angeles on the northwest, East Los Angeles on the north, Montebello on the east, Downey and Bell Gardens on the south, and Maywood on the southwest. The Los Angeles River forms part of its southwestern boundary, and the Rio Hondo separates it from Downey. Commerce is served by the Long Beach and Santa Ana freeways, as well as the Metrolink commuter rail service at the Commerce station. It is usually referred to as the "City of Commerce" to distinguish it from the common noun.
In the 19th century, the area was part of Antonio Maria Lugo's Rancho San Antonio. Its conversion to an industrial area began in 1887, when the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway built its main line through the area. The ranch remained intact until Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker, reputedly once the wealthiest woman in Los Angeles, sold some of it around the turn of the 20th century. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad (later the Union Pacific) both were built through what would become the community, as was the Pacific Electric Railway's Whittier Line. By the 1920s, factories had arrived. In the late 1940s, industrial leaders banded together with residents in the communities of Bandini, Rosewood, and Laguna to encourage commerce. They changed the name to match that goal. The city was incorporated in 1960 to prevent neighboring cities such as Vernon and Los Angeles from annexing industrial land for tax revenue and elected its first city mayor, Maurice Quigley. In the 1970s and 1980s, Commerce successfully negotiated the turbulent period of deindustrialization that hammered nearby cities such as South Gate and Norwalk, maintaining much of its manufacturing and goods-distribution base and successfully converting former industrial land to lucrative commercial uses. The most notable example of this phenomenon is the Citadel outlet mall, which occupies the site of a former tire factory. With a major rail yard within its borders, Commerce has also benefited greatly from the huge expansion in international trade traffic through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, albeit at the expense of severe air pollution caused by truck congestion on the Long Beach Freeway. Chrysler had an assembly plant in Commerce from 1930 through July 1971 located at 5800 S. Eastern Avenue and Slauson Avenue, called Los Angeles (Maywood) Assembly. It was closed at the end of the 1971 model year, as Chrysler decided to triple-stack its transport trains for the 1972 model year; its Los Angeles facility couldn't accommodate this change. Commerce has become the water polo capital of the world. It boasts a large aquatic center, Commerce Aquatics that has trained a number of successful water polo players, including four-time Olympic medallist Brenda Villa. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce,_California en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_... |
Date | |
Source | Citadel Outlet Mall, City of Commerce, California |
Author | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 33° 59′ 49.33″ N, 118° 08′ 53.04″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 33.997035; -118.148066 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Ken Lund at https://flickr.com/photos/75683070@N00/14516684582 (archive). It was reviewed on 12 February 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
12 February 2018
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current | 14:17, 12 February 2018 | 4,000 × 3,000 (2.68 MB) | Artix Kreiger 2 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot SX280 HS |
Exposure time | 1/100 sec (0.01) |
F-number | f/4.5 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:43, 26 June 2014 |
Lens focal length | 16.589 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 12:43, 26 June 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:43, 26 June 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.65625 |
APEX aperture | 4.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.34375 APEX (f/4.51) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |