File:Copper ore (Ertsberg Copper-Gold Skarn Deposit, Late Pliocene, ~3 Ma; Ertsberg Mine, New Guinea) 2.jpg
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DescriptionCopper ore (Ertsberg Copper-Gold Skarn Deposit, Late Pliocene, ~3 Ma; Ertsberg Mine, New Guinea) 2.jpg |
English: High-grade copper ore from the Pliocene of New Guinea. (public display, Leadville Mining Museum, Leadville, Colorado, USA)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2). The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals. Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores. The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size. These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen. Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals. Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral (CuFeS2). Many pyrite-like minerals exist, such as pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Chalcopyrite has a metallic luster, a deep yellowish-brassy color, a dark gray streak, a hardness of about 3.5 to 4, and no cleavage. Many specimens have a multicolored iridescent tarnish, which can be artificially produced by exposure to certain chemicals (often acid). Chalcopyrite is an important copper ore mineral. This fantastic chalcopyrite specimen is from the famous Ertsberg Mine in New Guinea. The rock was sampled in the early 1970s from the top of the Ertsberg Copper-Gold Skarn Deposit's orebody. This rock contains ~70% chalcopyrite, ~20% magnetite, ~5% bornite, and ~5% garnet and other minerals. The deposit is a skarn, which forms by contact metamorphism. An igneous intrusion has intensely altered the country rocks - in this case, marine limestones of the Faumi Formation (Eocene-Oligocene). Sometimes, the original limestone's fossils have been replaced by chalcopyrite and their morphologies are still discernible. The igneous body that formed the skarn deposit is the Late Pliocene Ertsberg Intrusion, which principally consists of diorite and quartz monzonite. Geologic unit: Ertsberg Copper-Gold Skarn Deposit, altered limestone roof pendant in the Ertsberg Intrusion, Late Pliocene, 2.97 to 3.28 Ma Locality: Ertsberg Mine, Ertsberg Mining District, western New Guinea (04° 04' 36.86" South latitude, 137° 07' 26.16" East longitude) Site-specific info. mostly from: Gibbins (2006) - The Magmatic and Hydrothermal Evolution of the Ertsberg Intrusion in the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) Mining District, West Papua, Indonesia. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Arizona. 384 pp. Photo gallery of chalcopyrite: www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=955 |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/49251674168/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/49251674168 (archive). It was reviewed on 22 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
22 December 2019
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current | 18:18, 22 December 2019 | 2,125 × 1,975 (1.65 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Date and time of data generation | 18:20, 29 July 2007 |
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Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 16.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 17:44, 13 December 2019 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 18:20, 29 July 2007 |
Meaning of each component |
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Date metadata was last modified | 12:44, 13 December 2019 |
Unique ID of original document | 045333AC07274D7A7070185C99BB5B8A |