File:Crop Residue Helps, but There's More to It for Controlling Soil Erosion (14542349242).jpg
Original file (4,128 × 3,096 pixels, file size: 6.43 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionCrop Residue Helps, but There's More to It for Controlling Soil Erosion (14542349242).jpg |
Crop Residue Helps, but There's More to It for Controlling Soil Erosion This series of five photos taken June 20, 2014 demonstrate the effectiveness of conservation measures, up to a certain point, for controlling loss of soil from crop fields. Leaving crop residue on the soil's surface is a conservation practice that helps hold soil in place when rain drops strike the soil surface and residue also helps protect soil against erosion by wind and water erosion. In these images, even with a little residue, there is water erosion. At some point the soil, slope length and slope steepness are too much for certain levels of residue to control erosion. Photo 1 of 5 shows how rain moved topsoil to become sediment in the lower parts of the crop field. Photo 5 shows little signs of water erosion when the ground is covered by approximately 30 percent residue even though the slopes are 8 percent and 150 feet long. Photos 3 and 4 show the same field and residue amnounts bu on a slightly steeper slope (about 10 percent and 150 feet long). Ephemeral gullies have started to form showing that 30 percent residue is not enought to control the water erosion. Alternative conservation practices should be considered and would include increasing the amount of surface residue, using a no-till farming system, contour farming, terraces or other conservation practices. Photos 4 and 5 in the same field show deposition. Here, contour farming was used in addition to the 30 percent residue. HOwever, the adjacent slope was much steeper (18 percent at 100 feet long). Sheet erosion transported valuable top soil from the slope and deposited it at the base creating sediment nearly a foot deep. A full set of conservation practices should be considered including no-till, nterraces, contour farming and a conservation crop rotation that includes high residue crops and perennial crops such as alfalfa. Consider using a combination of conservation practices to provide better protection for cropland fields against wind and water erosion while maintaining or improving productivity. To learn more, visit the Soil Health Information Center at the NRCS web site: www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/soils/hea.... Photos by Mark Washechek, Resource Conservationist, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Brookings, SD. USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer |
Date | |
Source | Crop Residue Helps, but There's More to It for Controlling Soil Erosion |
Author | USDA NRCS South Dakota |
Licensing
[edit]- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by USDA NRCS South Dakota at https://flickr.com/photos/68847506@N08/14542349242 (archive). It was reviewed on 27 January 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
27 January 2018
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This image is a work of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, part of the United States Department of Agriculture, taken or made as part of an employee's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain in the United States. |
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 05:05, 27 January 2018 | 4,128 × 3,096 (6.43 MB) | Artix Kreiger 2 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | SAMSUNG |
---|---|
Camera model | SAMSUNG-SGH-I337 |
Exposure time | 1/1,176 sec (0.00085034013605442) |
F-number | f/2.2 |
ISO speed rating | 50 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:16, 19 June 2014 |
Lens focal length | 4.2 mm |
User comments | rboutxht~ŽŠ‚qSÛ[\i^B8Þ¾ï2
4z˜?VnuN18OÞ¾ï7GLLIJKmÞ¾ïrd`|˜zpcÞ¾ïz¡Ec…h*a†~Þ¾ïUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUm/#HÞ¾ïX=#159ESY>PfiP9>jsÞ¾ïCALRPP\bpCurCD0xDCB0[ZPQRPˆ¢€dnQVNMM+6F>C@JnY923-<;C<63]rRjd…~w€ƒhtxy~? !Qqyvv†¢™•”š•’Þ¾ïTUNAe–~e|cUfvt[kŒ‰ƒiE[jeNFbY^€usteXged~s5% "-_h^,;IO[HMD6*6DSO@::1"6$CdSHZAYbf`XXPQZZd|zM7Kt޾ﮮ®®F fmº)bT 4§¥zj™f\XÄ f¹OPP¥ëD2\º'WRUOE7GQ]WJCbw[]bglpÞ¾ïdggceQ<,9:,}˜…oiuO;M\`cNI<1IME9=KED>Z\nuq^^TZd|‘tXANG€voM92DINceZWZTVO;<3Vit2$"1]y|rQR{ˆ’‡}elydnŒ‘‚xrjaxŠ“§f=8jwQQcklx}€bKNSWGafjc"0b‘z‡Å‚~nb‡‚`HH79@[iO<]dxl[Vjvre^]adZgmjpptq…‚p–¿…=J¯¯ea‚Ÿ˜osygHcjntVIlR^ZHZ5Lle_`hnpon{mbgbnC9<;NKBY>!Mk[TTHS\t‚G$H18!5\dUad2#"-\XOZ\^uhcURL`U5_vv~ZU{\avƒbPmZNUG2SunZ`YQ(]ž—]gni_eSvtz;Q=fŠb/<931)/N\?v{ŒY!m‚kggTV1=LpwŽŒymƒ ?wu“zSY?™hmy}qproq‹diG?B<>G7@jyqM;uyd):ni_QD >U<9M%Ln‚~‰zhez“«³ž[g~ŠbT\cb~o’‘^IMU[D&[QYŸqYZF2‹v`fbg|j‚Õ¶^5R^K<wŒr‘p]rjag^9ieR_B59ELQWtnHLMPrhNFVYed[U^\BDUwnK\g]c`JqgON‚•dfkqtcDFA4ž°¢{bism^S@@dhchlpje•c`…tŽ™e&T…„C/`bV0WYZnu‡£¤cp¦©U&sl5*ML"5Egškdu©¥?seggdbdk‡³»\H‹¨±@}Œ~Shj\"'J`ju\x~^[nxB%<;kFR=n‚4w‰e:šžLbgmyPG[J?]ifbV]8(68+# &%,5J0uafeiqŽ©µ®š{}xUOCQt~yMP[?Š~nfW@<o?KsmhH%L‡qKBZxm5,CHIPKLRPZURM?`š˜“‹£ŠX&f}™ÍòߥHTÁĺ¥ªV:Jšv`)C5hyMXEQS]eU6]p{~rhf6(2/:_rpŽ¢žb›ÌÛ¡:„ÑÌ¥Èí˜\'CVe?3&(2FN@8Aqr7cfkY,! /U}œaa€[]mq^dt†wž—€|›€tZ"D¯²½Á½µŸéÞÀ{9,/542BDE7&0@NfnE"I`eYfydT?8|†A.!>eh]F*Ibi])1p?ƒwbUCNYh[\poi\URE8KZOr‚vQGF’gX‚S+-:gc`}T2BLCQPHFk`^Z34H0Xqš¥‚M@8Api\gŽ~c`OGfosoDLbƒwkbbXfl]WVRPa…\&FZ[\]aeUSqhSR[TObhM/>@CX0)=7938\it_T_idktvn`l§¾°¬˜yiN6YJ)G®«›¤µhhX]xŠ³ÇËÒÝíõóuF ~zWor—¡ˆLff@EKO^q{n]_ijhdq“›v`agjlucMPNXq]PS`UGcTMSNC@EF c€v^GJRQQ]fkNPXZaZG@VW>@axje€…hntz|„jZWabRIMOF?XSOS_?cnwuN2(%ELOCURSnu[52LBSPDRfS?CKZZYR'e|\WPTo}†ueSKtxwnuŒ…syVfEVSNXmB94899A8=??EM4D?$4ETÞ¾ï@WSd…“…x~|xyxmi‘‡wbC!&hl (GQOTX^WZZB>LtX6H]a[[XUNR\^Sh]dgxzW7CPF;eegWrvcWV_bqdWI5TONMGG<@@L6R|ƒuriT@I\qPEKrzopŠ‹€riY6NijLST0XA€¸Ì¤~kvzyˆ{yvxƒ€chqeyvv‚oUb†‹ms€v„~}teqa[cki^^}iLVR]T‹s`^SmT†}3))4!?`d>?jU<'R[+"DC9" (>U]xzhke^~˜ˆeXL>IK3;EVTT\Š“’¢¶º{yr{‡|xuux|DZUake\>LmaghhbbYXv€?yipSDNCINUo`H%Þ¾ï1:/@^S2D’yL;(A/!9ZRMNKR[ZbaYWfh[`]_X]gb]b‡©£Š}swb9IUahbf€|x~qPgY:5aza<GSyk>K?6A]Þ¾ïN<% W„u)3>RKJTGTZ\co}E&WrˆqjgMltfeqVnyvz†txzJ\??izwknlj~?iUPPQNMPN_a?Œ†f8HiPF:~r\YUA=+882eŽ²®—|gpqE6¾öóãÕÌû´ s>AD†’Žm^R\ZMQ_[Y\[]“‘’Rf:[heTsvW{‚JpM<KUiw‡’wm–?WU>MvQ>L`XV_o< 9I7/>ED7<SVtƒ|^~zi_]d|kRLdSZHAYSm¬„{NNM+n†‘ZLPdi°´‘DBK_TTNO^ihjgWasyf7_~rlˆs <?:Z™{NAJBDQ^cyQZ‰`.6c\FL>~zKTxoI`d;1Vbc[dnco°Ï¹i]Hms`6d€‘4@`cU€‘{gpxŠV_ne]>UFLW|rgt2D€‰aXozELVLjhDYVKzƒ&>U`Y]fdRbr†€gJBW’~o`\RKVw˜¥Œ\~¢²ˆgkfVLIO\cmsfT+LXLtyuW3':mvX{‰†[^\TOTFHTMKIG@nŠ‡gTSXi`eÅðíÙÍ…02ŽE!PpO[qbUSQ:+d`|O*WafQm[WWYUITex{p~“‘Š|‘¥?u:€ÇÕorÑäØb—‘MuP|˜£ƒ‚ƒ<F_f_tFSbd¦•oe^^x›znx€32!Zfrqj`]vzsq_ITRZfg\%aht¿ËËÎÆ®ÇâçâÏÊÓ×Ǧ¦²ºÀ³—wu?‡tVRU>=NUSRT‰E <BVBs‡?vjVc’‡xs_WnhFPmrskf]avjk[Qe[H;bs`bn|teLgWjYNHLDIOQkZUYHM^YW,DNeP?F=>1_QLYLPOCVNHWPwwhiptƒ‚}tvwix‰€¤‚Edj`SPVZkrf:?<39AHNM7>WNLEHE)?IFKNQA%!CLLB=M^kkIEeTKIEZlgbmw—ª°Ãº³¯‰N+:IKU40ƒÃÎÜðÿÿüØ¢‹™˜••¡®?8%MpzVLZK BP>a_>Ztnbejeg€†~zsjlpn\NGFakhz…„z~[IahzzKCGU;(H**erRGK@BQKJUYXYUV\l`\Xk`\„pIjqxmz{llkd\Y^]Ui|`PIM9=76KgXGEZJ<<L;8@M8,J]HBBA>YUfgJMKOM!_]qtU<nƒ”‘niZxvjURx?ne~¦šOK@H2$ (NJQFDUIFF?KR:-?QN>;XRWsmlpnrtpmsscp€tkgwŒ‹{i[TleJ=8+1FSSZSMEIPA;EUad]YZY_iP\te]_}‡pkpheT1Zi`Ii{harsg`fYUK>FINT==.ALK8(MnwfRWXjcY]XaVU\Hoˆƒ}i[V…”oL6.+.^lƒ¢¦¥©ª•kvt‹››{wswck|hYLLapA:Q`j¶°FBD@hfd`cocXKDJ='QjY‘|d]QS0RfW**>6Pg@8GtTJFKJJPZ_`Y`m„‰“ˆihccjfNL@=526N‹™¦w=-`NPbUEf{n]imjm}{okjaO(\]>BOIX\NLG=,=9BLNpyVJ?<KTi‹‘m[sZO?@*9…u<7GAMgwb`\_abcfb__]ipi]qv}{ppilŒp\CVWO><N_KCLNctrDPaMHSeWDSJXactpaG54W[M<5:9'FE%P{v^eh^RPR+(6C>J$:MDCNZ^ZA7+5PSD:^‘’u‰©fnq‘xme]]rhdiqXJ2HMC\OUTIctzŒ~‚u:az™ˆhTUS^^R?DOÞ¾ïý;mgio`YfŽ£™kT/4Ji`NTO\`YfdTOL30YÞ¾ï1cro…†0nb%9l’qK |
Width | 4,128 px |
Height | 3,096 px |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | I337UCUFNB1 |
File change date and time | 11:16, 19 June 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:16, 19 June 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
|
APEX shutter speed | 10.203125 |
APEX aperture | 2.28 |
APEX brightness | 8.4765625 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.28 APEX (f/2.2) |
Metering mode | Center weighted average |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash fired |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Scene type | 49 |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 31 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Unique image ID | S13F0SAGI01 |