File:Danau Toba - Sumut.jpg
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Bahasa Indonesia: Letusan besar Gunung Toba yang terjadi secara 3(tiga) kali yaitu pada 900.000 tahun yang lalu, kedua 500.000 tahun yang lalu dan 75.000 tahun yang lalu menciptakan kaldera besar. Kaldera ini kemudian terisi air dan akhirnya menjad danau terbesar di Indonesia yaitu Danau Toba. Danau ini memiliki panjang 100 kilometer (62 mil), lebar 30 kilometer (19 mi), dan kedalaman 505 meter (1657 ft).
Kaldera Toba memiliki kaitan geologis dan warisan tradisi yang tinggi dengan masyarakat lokal khususnya dalam hal budaya dan keanekaragaman hayati. Sebagian besar penduduk yang tinggal di sekitar Danau Toba adalah suku Batak. Penduduk sekitar juga banyak menggantungkan hidup dengan mengembangkan perikanan air tawar. Selain itu, penduduk sekitar juga menggantungan hidup dari di bidang pariwisata wilayah Toba. Kearifan lokal juga masih kuat untuk penduduk sekitar danau Toba, contohnya pertunjukan kontemporer, tor-tor tumba, dan kain ulos. Flora di danau ini meliputi berbagai jenis fitoplankton, makrofita kecil, makrofita mengambang, dan makrofita terbenam. Daratan sekitarnya ditutupi hutan hujan, termasuk jenis hutan pinus tropis Sumatra di daerah pegunungan yang lebih tinggi. Fauna di danau ini meliputi beberapa spesies zooplankton dan hewan bentos. Karena danau ini oligotrof (tidak kaya nutrien), ikan aslinya tergolong langka. Hanya ada dua ikan endemik di danau ini, yaitu Rasbora tobana (bisa disebut hampir endemik karena juga ditemukan di sungai-sungai yang bermuara di danau ini dan Neolissochilus thienemanni, biasa disebut ikan Batak. Spesies yang disebutkan terakhir itu terancam oleh deforestasi (penyebab siltasi), polusi, perubahan ketinggian air, dan spesies ikan baru yang didatangkan ke danau ini. Dalam konteks keanekaragaman hayati, kaitan geologis dan warisan budaya yang tinggi itulah, negara anggota UNESCO mendukung Kaldera Toba dilestarikan dan dilindungi sebagai bagian dari UNESCO Global Geopark. Foto Danau Toba diambil di Taman Wisata Simalem (Kab.Karo, Sumatera Utara) pada tahun 2016.English: The large eruption of Mount Toba that occurred 3 (three) times. First time, it was about 900,000 years ago, second time 500,000 years ago and third time 75,000 years ago and creating a large caldera. This caldera then filled with water and eventually became the largest lake in Indonesia, namely Lake Toba. The lake is 100 kilometers (62 miles) long, 30 kilometers (19 mi) wide, and 505 meters (1657 ft) deep.
The Caldera of Toba has high geological and traditional heritage with local communities, especially in terms of culture and biodiversity. Most of the people who live around Lake Toba are Bataknese. The local people also depend a lot on their livelihood by developing freshwater fisheries. In addition, local residents also depend on tourism in the Toba region. Local wisdom is still strong for residents around Lake Toba, for example contemporary performances, tumba dance, tor-tor dance, and ulos cloth. The flora in this lake includes various types of phytoplankton, small macrophites, floating macrophites, and immersed macrophites. The surrounding land is covered with rainforest, including the Sumatran tropical pine forest type in the higher mountain areas. The fauna in this lake includes several species of zooplankton and benthic animals. Because the lake is oligotrophic (not rich in nutrients), the original fish are rare. There are only two endemic fish in this lake, first is Rasbora tobana (can be called almost endemic because it is also found in the rivers that empties into this lake and second is Neolissochilus thienemanni, commonly called Batak fish. The latter species is threatened by deforestation (the cause of siltation), pollution, changes in water levels, and new species fish brought into this lake. In the context of biodiversity, geological links and high cultural heritage, UNESCO member countries support the preservation and protection of the Toba Caldera as part of the UNESCO Global Geopark. Photo of Lake Toba taken at Taman Wisata Simalem (Karo Districts, North Sumatra) in 2016. |
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| Source | Own work |
| Author | RosmaSaragih |
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