File:Detaching inner bark of pine.jpg
Original file (3,072 × 2,304 pixels, file size: 1.56 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionDetaching inner bark of pine.jpg |
English: Removing the inner bark with the special tool, 'lusa':
Bark of pine was used as emergency food in Finland during famine, last time during and after civil war in 1918. The surface of the bark was first removed. The inner bark was then detached from the tree by using a special tool made of hard wood e.g. juniper and called "lusa" in Finnish. Soft sheets of inner bark were then available. The sheets were left to dry for a couple of hours and then heated over fire or coals until light brown and fragile. The bark was then ground and the resultant flour was used for bread with rye.Suomi: Petun irrottaminen erityisen työkalun, 'lusan' avulla. Petäjänkuoresta tehtyä jauhoa, pettua, on käytetty Suomessa pula-aikoina hätäravintona. Pettujauhoja valmistettaessa männyn kaarna poistetaan ja sen alla oleva nilakerros irrotetaan erityisen työkalun, katajasta tai muusta kovasta puulajista valmistetun 'lusan' avulla. Syntynyt pehmeä levy kuivataan ensin huoneenlämmössä ja sitten paahdetaan kuumassa uunissa tai hiilillä vaalean ruskeaksi. Nila jauhetaan ja syntynyt jauho erotellaan ja käytetään leivontaan yhdessä ruisjauhon kanssa. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Juha Kämäräinen |
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 06:19, 16 May 2019 | 3,072 × 2,304 (1.56 MB) | Veikk0.ma (talk | contribs) | Color correction. | |
14:24, 10 September 2011 | 3,072 × 2,304 (1.93 MB) | Juha Kämäräinen~commonswiki (talk | contribs) |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | PENTAX Corporation |
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Camera model | PENTAX Optio E30 |
Exposure time | 1/320 sec (0.003125) |
F-number | f/2.7 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:38, 10 September 2011 |
Lens focal length | 6 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | GIMP 2.8.22 |
File change date and time | 09:15, 16 May 2019 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:38, 10 September 2011 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 3.2 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.86 APEX (f/2.69) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 36 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Close view |
Image width | 3,072 px |
Image height | 2,304 px |