File:Effectiveness of interventions in studies included in a review comparing efficacy of interventions in reducing belief in conspiracy theories.png

English: "From the 25 studies included in our review, we extracted 48 intervention comparisons (k) in total (see Table 1). The outcome measure of interest was the Cohen’s d effect size. For all papers that used paired group designs, the Cohen’s d had already been reported. Where the Cohen’s d was not reported in a study, we calculated the d value for the independent group designs using the mean difference and the pooled standard deviation [38]. The Cohen’s d was calculated for each comparison using Microsoft Excel. Where there was insufficient data to calculate the d value, statistical significance was used to indicate whether the intervention successfully induced any change in belief. Quality assessment was conducted using the Risk of Bias Tool 2 (Sterne et al., 2019, see S1 Fig) [39]. To avoid repetition, the Risk of Bias was applied to the 25 studies as opposed to each comparator, as each comparator was subject to same randomisation process and measurement within their respective studies." The study reviews the experimental studies on this conducted in science so far (not that many; varying quality; varying participants; varying theories; varying group sizes).