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English: Neuronal branching is a coordinated process that requires extensive filamentous actin and microtubule (MT) reorganization and plasma membrane expansion, depicted in the center of the branching hierarchy. These foundational events are spatially and temporally regulated by numerous signaling and mechanical pathways in a coordinated fashion. These pathways are initiated in response to synaptic activity, extracellular guidance molecules, neurotrophic factors, or adhesive ligands. This outside-in signaling results in extensive cytoskeletal and membrane changes regulated directly through signal transduction, transport and sorting of organelles and cargo-carrying vesicles, and energy production or indirectly through gene expression changes via transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifications, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications (PTMs), and local protein synthesis.