File:First Boer War, theatre of operations map.svg

English: In December 1880, the First Boer War began. The Boers ambushed and attacked a British column travelling from Lydenburg to Pretoria on 20 December, and subsequently besieged or blockaded seven British garrison, in Pretoria, Rustenberg, Potchefstroom, Lydenburg, Marabastad, Standerton and Wakkerstroom. Two sallies from the Pretoria garrison resulted in battles at Elandsfontein and Rooihuiskraal, but the primary engagements were in northern Natal, with the British troops marching to relieve the Transvaal. The Boers achieved victories at Laing's Nek, Schuinshoogte (also known as Ingogo) and Majuba Hill, and the British signed the Pretoria Convention, granting Transvaal self-government.