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English: The Lunar Gravity Ranging System (LGRS) is the scientific payload of the GRAIL lunar spacecraft. The LGRS is responsible for sending and receiving the signals needed to accurately and precisely measure the changes in range between the two orbiters. The LGRS consists of an Ultra-Stable Oscillator (USO), Microwave Assembly (MWA), a Time-Transfer Assembly (TTA), and the Gravity Recovery Processor Assembly (GPA). The USO provides a steady reference signal that is used by all of the instrument subsystems. Within the LGRS, the USO provides the reference frequency for the MWA and the TTA. The MWA converts the USO reference signal to the Ka-band frequency, which is transmitted to the other orbiter. The function of the TTA is to provide a two-way time-transfer link between the spacecraft to both synchronize and measure the clock offset between the two LGRS clocks. The TTA generates an S-band signal from the USO reference frequency and sends a GPS-like ranging code to the other spacecraft. The GPA combines all the inputs received from the MWA and TTA to produce the radiometric data that is downlinked to the ground. In addition to acquiring the inter-spacecraft measurements, the LGRS also provides a one-way signal to the ground based on the USO, and is transmitted via the X-band Radio Science Beacon (RSB). The steady-state drift of the USO is measured via the one-way Doppler data provided by the RSB.