File:I 484 2 - fig 65.png

English: Described in the notes as "In order to see these figures, the polarised ray r s, fig. 64, must pass through the optic axis of the crystal, which must be held as near as possible to s on one side, and the eye placed as near as possible to s on the other. Fig. 65 shows the image formed by a crystal of Iceland spar which has one optic axis. The colours in the rings are exactly the same with those of Newton’s rings given in Note 199, and the cross is black. If the spar be turned round its axis, the rings suffer no change; but if the tourmaline through which it is viewed, or the plate of glass, B, be turned round, this figure will be seen at the angles 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° of its revolution. But in the intermediate points, that is, at the angles 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°, another system will appear, such as represented in fig. 66, where all the colours of the rings are complementary to those of fig. 65, and the cross is white. The two systems of rings, if superposed, would produce white light."