File:Image from page 429 of "Brehm's Life of animals a complete natural history for popular home instruction and for the use of schools. Mammalia" (1896) (20413659515).jpg

Title: Brehm's Life of animals : a complete natural history for popular home instruction and for the use of schools. Mammalia Identifier: brehmslifeofanim1896breh Year: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookyear1896">1896</a> (<a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookdecade1890">1890s</a>) Authors: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorBrehm_Alfred_Edmund_1829_1884">Brehm, Alfred Edmund, 1829-1884</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorPechuel_Loesche_Edward_1840_1913">Pechuel-Loesche, Edward, 1840-1913</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorHaacke_Wilhelm_1855_1912">Haacke, Wilhelm, 1855-1912</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorSchmidtlein_Richard">Schmidtlein, Richard</a> Subjects: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectMammals">Mammals</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectAnimal_behavior">Animal behavior</a> Publisher: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookpublisherChicago_Marquis">Chicago : Marquis</a> Contributing Library: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookcontributorInternet_Archive">Internet Archive</a> Digitizing Sponsor: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksponsorInternet_Archive">Internet Archive</a>

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Text Appearing Before Image: 406 THE ODD-TOED ANIMALS. tion, and small, lustrous, fiery, wicked eyes; in sum- mer its hair is thick, short and wavy, especially on the hinder quarters, where it becomes almost curly; in winter it is thick, coarse and long, especially on the chin, where it nearly reaches the proportions of a beard; the mane is short, thick, bushy and curly; the tail is of moderate length. The prevailing color in summer is a uniform pale brown, yellowish brown or sorrel tint; in winter the hair becomes lighter, sometimes even white, and the mane and tail look uniformly dark. Piebald specimens are never seen, and black ones very rarely. Habits of the The Tarpan is always found in herds, Wild Horse of which may number several hundred. Tartary. Usually the herd is subdivided into smaller, family-like groups, each led by a stallion. These herds inhabit wide, open and high table-lands or plains and wander from one spot to another, usu- their fore-hoofs. The story which represents them as forming a circle and kicking with their hind legs has been disproven long ago. The Tarpan Diffi- The Tarpan is difficult to tame; it cult to Domes- seems that the animal cannot endure ticate. captivity. His lively temper, his strength and savage disposition, defy even the Mon- gols, well acquainted as they are with the break- ing of Horses. The Tarpan is hunted to its death with .zeal and passion on account of the considera- ble damage it causes among herds of domesticated Horses by enticing them away whenever they are left to run at liberty. These accounts leave the question as to the origin of the Horse unsolved; opinions oppose each other. The characteristics of the Tarpan offer no decisive evidence as to its original character, for Horses re- vert to the wild state easily and rapidly. The herds

Text Appearing After Image: THE TARPAN.—In the steppes north of the Sea of Azof, are large herds of these wild Horses which are made up of numerous families led by a stallion. These Horses are small, of dun color, have short manes, rather short tails, and are very fleet and timid. (Equus tarpan.) ally pursuing their course against the wind. They are exceedingly wary and shy, look around with high, uplifted heads, snort, whinny, prick their ears, expand their nostrils, and as a rule perceive any menacing danger in good time. The stallion is the sole ruler of the society. He cares for their security but tolerates no irregularity among his subjects. As soon as something arouses his attention, this patri- arch begins to snort and quickly erects his ears; with head held high he trots in one particular direction, neighing violently if he perceives any danger and the whole herd scampers off at a frenzied gallop. Sometimes the animals disappear from sight as if by magic. This occurs when they conceal themselves in some deep depression to await further develop- ments. Beasts of prey do not intimidate the cou- rageous and pugnacious stallions. Against Wolves they sally forth, neighing, and beat them down with inhabiting the pampas of South America are an effective example of this. Let us cast a glance at them. Origin of the "The town of Buenos Ayres," says Wild Horse of the Azara, "founded in 1535, was subse- Pampas. quently abandoned. The emigrating inhabitants did not even go to the trouble of collect- ing all their Horses and about five to seven of them were left behind, free to follow their own devices. When the same city was again taken possession of and populated in 1580, a number of wild Horses were found, the progeny of those which had been left behind. As early as 1596 everybody was allowed to capture those Horses and use them. This is the orig- inal stock from which sprung the innumerable herds of Horses which now rove south of the Rio de la Plata." The Cimarrones, as these Horses are called, now live in all parts of the pampas in enormous

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