File:Jmse-11-00001-g014.webp

English: (A,B). Diagrammatic representation of longitudinal section through two dinoflagellates showing the relationship between the pellicle (P) and the amphiesmal vesicles (AV).
(A). Heterocapsa type whose pellicle is formed by the fusion of the precursor material of each vesicle;
(B). the Kofoidinium type whose pellicle is internal to the vesicles, separate from the thecal plates (TP). Reprinted/adapted with permission from Taylor, F.J.R. Phylum Dinoflagellata. In Handbook of Protoctista, 1st ed.; Margulis, L., Corliss, J., Melkonian, M., Chapman, D.J., McKhan, H.I., Eds.; Jones and Bartlett Publishers: Burlington, MA, USA, 1990; pp. 419–437.
(C). Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) view of Prorocentrum micans theca, Th. The view is dominated by the right valve, which is separated from the left valve (part of which is visible at the base of the image) by a longitudinal (sagittal) suture S. Numerous pores P are distributed through the theca. X = 3500. Reprinted/adapted with permission from Janouškovec, J. et al.: Major transitions in dinoflagellate evolution unveiled by phylotranscriptomics. In: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2016, 114, E171–E180.