File:Jpm-11-00075-g001-550.webp

English: Figure 1. Overview of disorders of galactose metabolism and novel therapeutic approaches recently investigated or under investigation for classic galactosemia. (a) Transcription and translation leading to the production of enzyme, therapies restoring enzyme activity; (b) Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism and alternative routes of galactose disposal; (c) impaired galactose metabolism leading to long-term organ damage. * cryopreservation: more data have become available in the last 5 years; ** oocyte donation: recommendations for CG regarding this procedure have been formulated by a group of experts in the last 5 years. GALM, galactose mutarotase; GALK1, galactokinase 1; Gal-1-P, galactose-1-phosphate; GALT, galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; Glc-1-P, glucose-1-phosphate; GALE, UDP-galactose 4′-epimerase; UDP-Gal, uridine diphosphate-galactose; UDP-Glc, uridine diphosphate-glucose; UGP, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase; UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine; UDP-GalNAc, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine; AR, aldose reductase; GDH, galactose dehydrogenase; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; BBC, Babble Boot Camp; tACS, transcranial alternating current stimulation. Created with BioRender.com.