File:Kawaiaha'o Church, Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, HI - 52238437488.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionKawaiaha'o Church, Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, HI - 52238437488.jpg |
English: Built between 1836 and 1842, this Neoclassical and Mediterranean Revival style church was designed by Hiram Bingham to serve as the primary royal church for the Kingdom of Hawaii. The building, built of approximately 14,000 1000-pound coral blocks quarried from a reef on the south coast of Oahu, was started during the reign of King Kamehameha II (1819-1824) and finished during the reign of Kamehameha III (1825-1854). Affiliated with the United Church of Christ, the congregation was founded by Hiram Bingham I, a Christian missionary from Connecticut whom introduced christianity to the Hawaiian Islands in 1820, initially worshipping in a large grass-covered structure that was constructed according to Native Hawaiian traditions, and could apparently hold up to 4000 people. As the Kingdom of Hawaii grew wealthier and more connected to the outside world, the construction of the present church was intended to give the kingdom its own equivalent to Westminster Abbey, where coronation ceremonies and other important royal religious ceremonies could take place, as well as a place for the royal family and chiefs to attend weekly church services. The church was the site where Kings Kamehameha III, Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V and Kalakaua all swore their oaths of office to the Hawaiian Constitution, as well as baptism of various members of the royal family, even those who worshipped other denominations. The church is a relatively simple rectangular structure clad in rusticated coral stone, featuring an upper row of arched six-over-six double-hung windows and a lower row of rectangular six-over-six windows, a tower at the peak of the roof at the center of the front facade, which originally featured a tall pyramidal steeple and wooden Gothic Revival-style belfry surrounded by a balustrade, which was later removed and replaced with the present stone belfry with arched vents and a crenellated parapet, large clocks on all four faces of the tower, an arched main entry door flanked by two smaller arched entry doors and four doric pilasters, and a rear entrance flanked by two large arched windows. The building sits next to the historic Kawaiahaʻo Cemetery, which includes the mausoleum of King Lunalilo, which sits in front of the church, and the Mission Cemetery, which sits behind the church. The church was later somewhat supplanted by the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the 1870s, which serves as an Episcopal or Anglican Cathedral, as most of the Hawaiian Royal Family were affiliated with the Church of England rather than the United Church of Christ, though ceremonies continued to occur at the church after the construction of the cathedral. The church was also the location where Queen Liliʻuokalani’s body laid in state following her death in 1917, prior to her funeral at ‘Iolani Palace. The church was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/59081381@N03/52238437488/ |
Author | w_lemay |
Camera location | 21° 18′ 17.24″ N, 157° 51′ 26″ W ![]() ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by w_lemay at https://flickr.com/photos/59081381@N03/52238437488. It was reviewed on 13 March 2023 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
13 March 2023
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 03:57, 13 March 2023 | ![]() | 2,895 × 3,860 (3.63 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by w_lemay from https://www.flickr.com/photos/59081381@N03/52238437488/ with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | Apple |
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Camera model | iPhone 11 Pro |
Exposure time | 1/2,066 sec (0.00048402710551791) |
F-number | f/1.8 |
ISO speed rating | 32 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:44, 12 May 2022 |
Lens focal length | 4.25 mm |
Latitude | 21° 18′ 17.24″ N |
Longitude | 157° 51′ 26″ W |
Altitude | 8.94 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | 15.4.1 |
File change date and time | 11:44, 12 May 2022 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.32 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:44, 12 May 2022 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 11.012705338809 |
APEX aperture | 1.6959938128384 |
APEX brightness | 9.5083418771554 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 729 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 729 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 26 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Speed unit | Kilometers per hour |
Speed of GPS receiver | 0.7416834898622 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 231.33517454706 |
Reference for bearing of destination | True direction |
Bearing of destination | 231.33517454706 |