File:Land subsidence from 1951-1977 lignite coal bed fire (Coal Vein Trail, Little Missouri Badlands, North Dakota, USA) 7.jpg
Original file (3,008 × 1,778 pixels, file size: 5.22 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionLand subsidence from 1951-1977 lignite coal bed fire (Coal Vein Trail, Little Missouri Badlands, North Dakota, USA) 7.jpg |
English: The right foreground is part of a landscape that experienced subsidence (sinking) caused by a subsurface coal fire that burned from 1951 to 1977.
From a park service trail guide: Collapse In this area, there was a 12-foot thick coal vein deep underground. In 1951, it caught fire and burned for 26 years. As it burned away, the rocks above were left unsupported and the surface collapsed, forming [this] depression. . . . Before the fire, the land was level with the top of the stairs. Burn Out Visitors could see smoke, glowing coals, and sometimes flames. They even roasted marshmallows over the fire! Ignition [The] coal vein ignited during a lightning storm in 1951. Even today, these natural fires can be started by lightning, prairie fires, or even spontaneous combustion. Locality: along Coal Vein Trail, Little Missouri Badlands, South Unit of Roosevelt National Park, western North Dakota, USA |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52028092633/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52028092633. It was reviewed on 26 April 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
26 April 2022
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 12:54, 26 April 2022 | 3,008 × 1,778 (5.22 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52028092633/ with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D70s |
Exposure time | 1/1,600 sec (0.000625) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 1,600 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:18, 28 August 2008 |
Lens focal length | 18 mm |
Width | 3,008 px |
Height | 2,000 px |
Bits per component |
|
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 18.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 23:45, 24 April 2022 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:18, 28 August 2008 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX shutter speed | 10.643856 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.6 APEX (f/3.48) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 10 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 27 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 1004a0cc |
Lens used | 18.0-200.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 19:45, 24 April 2022 |
Unique ID of original document | 8D1CC474F02C210181474B1CE6AB1BF2 |