File:Letter by Minister Phúc Nghĩa Hầu of Cochinchina to the King of Japan.jpg

From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Original file ‎(3,000 × 2,863 pixels, file size: 1.98 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Captions

Captions

Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents

Summary[edit]

Description This is the oldest known diplomatic letter exchanged between Japan and Annam (present-day Vietnam). The letter is dated the 14th year of the Guangxing era of Annam, which corresponds to 1591 C.E. The letter was written by Nguyen and his signature was affixed at the end with a wooden seal. It is addressed to King x of Japan (the name of the king is intentionally omitted.). Right above the signature seal is another seal with the Chinese character "書" (sho), which means that this document is a letter. The “King of Japan” here intended to have trading relationship with Annam from around 1590. Around the time, Toyotomi Hideyoshi was seeking tributes from Korea, Ryūkyū (present-day Okinawa), Takasago (present-day Taiwan), and Luzon (present-day Philippines). Thus, he might have made the same request to Annam. On the other hand, it is possible that Chinese merchants tried to expand their trading zone under the guise of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Whichever may have been the truth, this letter is an important material indicating Japan-Annam relationship during the transition from the period of Wako (Chinese pirates) to the period of the Red Seal system and awaits further studies.
Date 14th year of Quang Hưng 光興 era, 1592
Source 安南国副都堂福義侯阮粛書簡: あんなんこくふくとどうふくぎこうげんしゅくしょかん
Author Nguyễn Cảnh Đoan

Licensing[edit]

This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. The work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason:
Public domain

This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 70 years or fewer.

You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States. Note that a few countries have copyright terms longer than 70 years: Mexico has 100 years, Jamaica has 95 years, Colombia has 80 years, and Guatemala and Samoa have 75 years. This image may not be in the public domain in these countries, which moreover do not implement the rule of the shorter term. Honduras has a general copyright term of 75 years, but it does implement the rule of the shorter term. Copyright may extend on works created by French who died for France in World War II (more information), Russians who served in the Eastern Front of World War II (known as the Great Patriotic War in Russia) and posthumously rehabilitated victims of Soviet repressions (more information).

This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.
The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that "faithful reproductions of two-dimensional public domain works of art are public domain".
This photographic reproduction is therefore also considered to be in the public domain in the United States. In other jurisdictions, re-use of this content may be restricted; see Reuse of PD-Art photographs for details.
{{PD-Art}} template without license parameter: please specify why the underlying work is public domain in both the source country and the United States
(Usage: {{PD-Art|1=|deathyear=''year of author's death''|country=''source country''}}, where parameter 1= can be PD-old-auto, PD-old-auto-expired, PD-old-auto-1996, PD-old-100 or similar. See Commons:Multi-license copyright tags for more information.)

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current00:41, 1 May 2020Thumbnail for version as of 00:41, 1 May 20203,000 × 2,863 (1.98 MB)A (talk | contribs){{Information |Description=This is the oldest known diplomatic letter exchanged between Japan and Annam (present-day Vietnam). The letter is dated the 14th year of the Guangxing era of Annam, which corresponds to 1591 C.E. The letter was written by Nguyen and his signature was affixed at the end with a wooden seal. It is addressed to King x of Japan (the name of the king is intentionally omitted.). Right above the signature seal is another seal with the Chinese character "書" (sho), which mean...

You cannot overwrite this file.

The following page uses this file:

Metadata

This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.

Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Letter_by_Minister_Phúc_Nghĩa_Hầu_of_Cochinchina_to_the_King_of_Japan.jpg&oldid=544842338"