File:MarsCones-ESP 030192 2020.jpg

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English: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

Cones and Inflated Lava Flows ESP_030192_2020 Science Theme: Volcanic Processes

http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_030192_2020

https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/01/space-photo-of-the-day-2/?pid=6342

A CTX image shows topographic cones in local depressions here. What are these and how did they form?

This image reveals "rootless cones," which form on lava flows that interact with subsurface water. They are in depressions because subsequent lava flowed around the base of the cones, then "inflated." Lava inflation is a process where liquid is injected beneath the solid (thickening) crust and raises the whole surface, often raising it higher than the topography that controlled the initial lava emplacement.

This scene is in Amazonis Planitia, a vast region covered by flood lava. The surface is coated by a thin layer of reddish dust, which avalanches down steep slopes to make dark streaks.

Written by: Alfred McEwen (audio by Tre Gibbs) (20 February 2013)

Acquisition date: 04 January 2013 Local Mars time: 3:14 PM Latitude (centered): 21.965 degrees Longitude (East): 197.807 degrees Range to target site: 288.0 km (180.0 miles) Original image scale range: 57.6 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~173 cm across are resolved Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel and North is up Map projection: EQUIRECTANGULAR Emission angle: 2.9 degrees Phase angle: 61.9 degrees Solar incidence angle: 64 degrees, with the Sun about 26 degrees above the horizon Solar longitude: 238.2 degrees, Northern Autumn For non-map projected products: North azimuth: 97 degrees Sub-solar azimuth: 327.0 degrees For map-projected products

North azimuth: 270 degrees Sub solar azimuth: 141.4 degrees
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Source http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/images/wallpaper/2880/ESP_030192_2020.jpg
Author NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

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Public domain This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.)
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