File:Ophiomorpha burrow in poorly indurated clayey sandstone (Citronelle Formation, Pliocene; Bay Bluffs Park, Pensacola, Florida, USA) 6.jpg

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English: Ophiomorpha burrow in iron oxide-stained, poorly indurated clayey sandstone in the Pliocene of Florida, USA. (photo taken by James Cheshire) (Ophiomorpha burrow is ~2.5 cm across at its widest)

The Citronelle Formation is a Pliocene-aged unit of nonindurated to poorly indurated, siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. It is widely distributed in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain areas of Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.

Most of this unit represents nonmarine deltaic deposits, but marine fossils have been reported from some localities. The outcrop shown above has an Ophiomorpha burrow (= whitish, circular structure at center left), a common trace fossil in upper Mesozoic and Cenozoic shallow marine lithofacies. Ophiomorpha burrows are constructed by callianassid shrimp, which are burrowing crustacean arthropods. The whitish material making up the Ophiomorpha burrow lining is kaolinite clay (see Means, 2009).

The reddish and reddish-brown coloration is from iron oxide staining - principally hematite (Fe2O3).

Stratigraphy: Citronelle Formation, Pliocene

Locality: Bay Bluffs Park, Pensacola, far-northwestern Florida, USA

Reference cited:

Means, G.H. 2009. A Marine-Influenced Siliciclastic Unit (Citronelle Formation) in Western Panhandle Florida. M.S. thesis. Florida State University. 134 pp.
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Source https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/16754491766/
Author James St. John

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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/16754491766. It was reviewed on 28 April 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0.

28 April 2022

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