File:Pahoehoe basalt lava flow surface (Mauna Iki Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, USA) (14838874818).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionPahoehoe basalt lava flow surface (Mauna Iki Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, USA) (14838874818).jpg |
Pahoehoe lava from the upper Holocene of Hawaii. (CMNH 12388, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio, USA) Mt. Kilauea is the world’s most active volcano. It sits atop the Hawaii Hotspot in the central Pacific Ocean. It had a decades-long eruption from 1983 to 2018. Kilauea lavas are basaltic in composition, but the physical appearance of Kilauea’s output varies tremendously. Many of Kilauea’s ongoing basaltic eruptions have occurred along its East Rift Zone, a fracture system extending ~eastward from the summit vent area. Basalt lava flows in Hawaii have two types of surface morphologies: 1) aa lava and 2) pahoehoe lava. The Hawaiian names for these lava flow surfaces have become technical names in volcanology. Pahoehoe lava (pronounced “pa-hoy-hoy”) has a smooth or ropy top surface - the rock shown here is an example. Pahoehoe surface morphologies are not restricted to lava flows at the Hawaii Hotspot. It’s commonly seen in many basaltic lava fields on Earth. Locality: Mauna Iki Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Hotspot, central Pacific Basin |
Date | |
Source | Pahoehoe basalt lava flow surface (Mauna Iki Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, USA) |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/14838874818 (archive). It was reviewed on 10 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
10 October 2019
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 00:15, 10 October 2019 | 2,311 × 1,998 (2.03 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/5 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:05, 15 August 2009 |
Lens focal length | 60 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS2 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 19:52, 24 August 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:05, 15 August 2009 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.5 APEX (f/4.76) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash fired, strobe return light detected, auto mode |
DateTime subseconds | 80 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 80 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 80 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
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Focal length in 35 mm film | 90 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
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Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 2,311 px |
Image height | 1,998 px |
Date metadata was last modified | 15:52, 24 August 2014 |