File:Quartz with hematite inclusions on specularite (Cleator Moor, Cumbria, England) (26921445140).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionQuartz with hematite inclusions on specularite (Cleator Moor, Cumbria, England) (26921445140).jpg |
Quartz with hematite inclusions on specularite from Britain. A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are about 5400 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals. All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry. "Silica" refers to SiO2 chemistry. The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4. Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens "belong" to each silicon. The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4. The simplest & most abundant silicate mineral in the Earth's crust is quartz (SiO2). All other silicates have silica + impurities. Many silicates have a significant percentage of aluminum (the aluminosilicates). Quartz (silicon dioxide/silica - SiO2) is the most common mineral in the Earth's crust. It is composed of the two most abundant elements in the crust - oxygen and silicon. It has a glassy, nonmetallic luster, is commonly clearish to whitish to grayish in color, has a white streak, is quite hard (H≡7), forms hexagonal crystals, has no cleavage, and has conchoidal fracture. Quartz can be any color: clear, white, gray, black, brown, pink, red, purple, blue, green, orange, etc. The beautiful specimen shown above consists of bright red-colored quartz crystals on a matrix of silvery-gray specularite, which is a rock dominated by specular hematite (Fe2O3 - iron oxide). The red coloration of the quartz is due to abundant hematite inclusions. Locality: unrecorded iron mine in the Cleator Moor area, West Cumberland Iron Field, Cumbria, northern England Photo gallery of quartz: <a href="http://www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3337" rel="nofollow">www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3337</a> |
Date | |
Source | Quartz with hematite inclusions on specularite (Cleator Moor, Cumbria, England) |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/26921445140 (archive). It was reviewed on 5 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
5 December 2019
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current | 02:02, 5 December 2019 | ![]() | 3,707 × 2,333 (5.81 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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F-number | f/13 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:05, 30 April 2016 |
Lens focal length | 14.3 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 11:59, 23 May 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:05, 30 April 2016 |
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Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
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File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 05:59, 23 May 2016 |
Unique ID of original document | 82DCB1449DFB710B820928EA6E2D9CAA |