File:Scallops (River Hall, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 3 (38648733710).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionScallops (River Hall, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 3 (38648733710).jpg |
Scallops developed on Mississippian limestone in a Kentucky cave, USA. (photo by Ljubomir Risteski) The wavy features shown here are scallops - asymmetrical, curvilinear, ridge-like, dissolutional features formed by flowing water. They somewhat resemble asymmetrical ripple marks, in that they form in a one-directional current, and the short side of each scallop represents the downstream direction. These examples are on a limestone surface in River Hall in western Kentucky's Mammoth Cave, the longest cave on Earth. The system has 412 mapped miles, as of fall 2017. Larger, longer scallops formed in slower-moving water. Smaller, shorter scallops formed in rapidly-moving water. The prominent parting between gray rocks above and brownish-stained rocks below is the stratigraphic contact between the Ste. Genevieve Limestone (above) and the St. Louis Limestone (below). Stratigraphy: lower Fredonia Member, basal Ste. Genevieve Limestone, upper Middle Mississippian over upper Horse Cave Member, uppermost St. Louis Limestone, Middle Mississippian Locality: River Hall (Level E), Mammoth Cave, western Kentucky, USA |
Date | |
Source | Scallops (River Hall, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 3 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/38648733710 (archive). It was reviewed on 13 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
13 October 2019
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current | 17:44, 13 October 2019 | ![]() | 3,024 × 4,032 (8.04 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Apple |
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Camera model | iPhone 6s Plus |
Exposure time | 1/4 sec (0.25) |
F-number | f/2.2 |
ISO speed rating | 2,000 |
Date and time of data generation | 16:32, 13 October 2017 |
Lens focal length | 4.15 mm |
Width | 3,024 px |
Height | 4,032 px |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 20:50, 23 February 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 16:32, 13 October 2017 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 2.000063484002 |
APEX aperture | 2.2750071245369 |
APEX brightness | −5.8360590347028 |
APEX exposure bias | 1.90625 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 194 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 194 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 29 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | iPhone 6s Plus back camera 4.15mm f/2.2 |
Date metadata was last modified | 15:50, 23 February 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | 314A7C2C9FD4F816C55880EBFEAA2FF0 |