File:Scallops (River Hall, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 6 (45791273481).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionScallops (River Hall, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 6 (45791273481).jpg |
Scallops developed on Mississippian limestone in a Kentucky cave, USA. The wavy features shown here are scallops - asymmetrical, curvilinear, ridge-like, dissolutional features formed by flowing water. They somewhat resemble asymmetrical ripple marks, in that they form in a one-directional current, and the short side of each scallop represents the downstream direction. These examples are on a limestone surface in River Hall in western Kentucky's Mammoth Cave, the longest cave on Earth. The system has 412 mapped miles, as of fall 2017. Larger, longer scallops formed in slower-moving water. Smaller, shorter scallops formed in rapidly-moving water. The prominent parting near the bottom of the picture is the stratigraphic contact between the Ste. Genevieve Limestone (above) and the St. Louis Limestone (below). Stratigraphy: lower Fredonia Member, basal Ste. Genevieve Limestone, upper Middle Mississippian over upper Horse Cave Member, uppermost St. Louis Limestone, Middle Mississippian Locality: River Hall (Level E), Mammoth Cave, western Kentucky, USA |
Date | |
Source | Scallops (River Hall, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 6 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/45791273481. It was reviewed on 13 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
13 October 2019
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 17:44, 13 October 2019 | ![]() | 3,389 × 2,279 (5.1 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/1 sec (1) |
F-number | f/2.8 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 09:55, 1 September 2018 |
Lens focal length | 6.2 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 00:27, 9 November 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 09:55, 1 September 2018 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 0 |
APEX aperture | 2.96875 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.96875 APEX (f/2.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 19:27, 8 November 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | 32D9B58B3EDBF89CFE5605381E6E5409 |