File:Stromatoporoid in limestone (Columbus Limestone, Middle Devonian; abandoned quarry, Kelleys Island, Lake Erie, Ohio, USA) 1 (48637370948).jpg
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DescriptionStromatoporoid in limestone (Columbus Limestone, Middle Devonian; abandoned quarry, Kelleys Island, Lake Erie, Ohio, USA) 1 (48637370948).jpg |
Fossil stromatoporoid sponge in limestone in the Devonian of Ohio, USA. This fossil sponge is from the Columbus Limestone, a significant carbonate unit in the Devonian of central and northern Ohio. It's actually part of a much more widespread sheet of Devonian carbonates that extends from New York State to the Midwest. The Columbus Limestone represents deposition in a subtropical, shallow-water, carbonate platform environment. The rocks are principally micritic limestones, fossiliferous wackestones, and fossiliferous packstones. Some chert nodules are present in the unit. Fossils are typical Paleozoic shallow marine invertebrates - favositid corals, rugose corals, stromatoporoids, brachiopods, crinoids, blastoids, bryozoans, trilobites, bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, rostroconchs, and tentaculites. Microfossils include conodonts and charophyte oogonia. Other fossils in the Columbus Limestone include vertebrates (fish), land plants (rare), and trace fossils. Some horizons in the Columbus Limestone have silicified fossils. Sponges are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding organisms. They are not metazoan animals, as they lack organs or tissues - they are called parazoans. Sponges are essentially colonies of cells (the cells can live independently for short periods of time). Most sponges are marine, but some occupy freshwater environments. Sponges construct organic or mineralized, multi-element skeletons. Individual pieces of a sponge skeleton are called spicules. The group first appears in the fossil record in the Neoproterozoic and extends to today, in the Holocene. Some sponges make skeletons composed of opal spicules (SiO2·nH2O - hydrous silica), while others are calcareous (calcite or aragonite) or make spicules of organic material (spongin - a tough, proteinaceous, organic compound). The rounded mass seen here is a stromatoporoid fossil (these are often misidentified as stromatolites, which are bacterial constructs). They occur in Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks (Ordovician to Cretaceous). The Mesozoic-aged stromatoporoids may represent a separate group. Stromatoporoids have a layered, calcitic skeleton, usually with small vertical pillars between individual layers (laminations) (click on the photo to zoom in to see the layers). If preserved, the top living surface has small mounds (mamelons) with radiating canals (astrorhizae). This group of fossils is similar to a living group of sponges called the sclerosponges - some researchers place the stromatoporoids with the sclerosponges. Stromatoporoids were important components of some Paleozoic and Mesozoic shallow-water reefs. Classification: Animalia, Porifera, Stromatoporoidea Stratigraphy: Columbus Limestone, Eifelian Stage, lower Middle Devonian Locality: abandoned limestone quarry, north-central Kelleys Island, western Lake Erie, Ohio, USA (41° 36' 21.52" North latitude, 82° 41' 55.76" West longitude) |
Date | |
Source | Stromatoporoid in limestone (Columbus Limestone, Middle Devonian; abandoned quarry, Kelleys Island, Lake Erie, Ohio, USA) 1 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/48637370948 (archive). It was reviewed on 8 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
8 October 2019
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 03:49, 8 October 2019 | 3,008 × 2,000 (5.12 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Date and time of data generation | 13:52, 12 June 2007 |
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File change date and time | 14:42, 28 August 2019 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:52, 12 June 2007 |
Meaning of each component |
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Date metadata was last modified | 10:42, 28 August 2019 |
Unique ID of original document | 0F1C7C919D801F42FC9F0FDB223E304A |