File:Tondo showing the Severan dynasty Septimius Severus with Julia Domna, Caracalla and Geta, whose face has been erased, probably because of the damnatio memoriae put against him by Caracalla, from Djemila (Algeria), circa AD 199-200.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionTondo showing the Severan dynasty Septimius Severus with Julia Domna, Caracalla and Geta, whose face has been erased, probably because of the damnatio memoriae put against him by Caracalla, from Djemila (Algeria), circa AD 199-200.jpg |
The Severan Tondo, from circa AD 200, is one of the few preserved examples of panel painting from Classical Antiquity. It is a tempera or egg-based painting on a circular wooden panel (tondo), with a diameter of 30.5 cm. At present, it is on display at the Antikensammlung Berlin (inventory number 31329). The panel depicts the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus with his family: to the left his wife Julia Domna, in front of them their sons Geta and Caracalla. All are wearing sumptuous ceremonial garments; Septimius Severus and his sons are also holding sceptres and wearing gold wreaths decorated with precious stones. Geta's face has been removed, probably after his murder by his brother Caracalla and the ensuing damnatio memoriae. The image is probably an example of imperial portraits that were mass-produced to be displayed in offices and public buildings throughout the empire - as part of Roman legal procedure some documents had normally to be signed in front of an image of the Emperor, which gave them the same status as if signed in his actual presence.[1] With each change of emperor, they would have been discarded or replaced. Since wood is an organic material and does not normally survive, the Berlin Tondo remains, so far, the only surviving specimen of this type of painting. It appears to be of Egyptian origin. Originally, the tondo had most likely a square or rectangular shape. This is best visible at the scepters the males of the picture are holding. The upper parts once adorned with imperial symbols are today missing. It seems that it was cut in modern times for better selling it on the art market. |
Date | |
Source | Tondo showing the Severan dynasty: Septimius Severus with Julia Domna, Caracalla and Geta, whose face has been erased, probably because of the damnatio memoriae put against him by Caracalla, from Djemila (Algeria), circa AD 199-200, Altes Museum, Berlin |
Author | Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Following Hadrian at https://flickr.com/photos/41523983@N08/13543792233. It was reviewed on 24 December 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
24 December 2022
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current | 21:55, 24 December 2022 | 3,891 × 3,264 (14.73 MB) | Voism (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Exposure time | 1/15 sec (0.066666666666667) |
F-number | f/4.2 |
ISO speed rating | 1,600 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:39, 28 March 2014 |
Lens focal length | 30 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Ver.1.01 |
File change date and time | 15:39, 28 March 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:39, 28 March 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.0712478100058 APEX (f/4.1) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 30 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 30 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 30 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 45 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | High gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.3.0.0 |