File:Zeugma Mural-kiwanc.jpg
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DescriptionZeugma Mural-kiwanc.jpg |
Explore No : #356 :))) Zeugma Zeugma (Greek: Ζεύγμα) is an ancient city of Commagene; currently located in the Gaziantep Province of Turkey (coordinates 37°03.5′N, 37°51.95′E). It is a historical settlement which is considered among the four most important settlement areas under the reign of the kingdom of Commagene. It was named for the bridge of boats, or zeugma, which crossed the Euphrates there. Historical background The ancient city of Zeugma was originally founded, as a Greek settlement by Seleucus I Nicator, one of the generals of the Alexander the Great, in 300 BC. King Seleucus almost certainly named the city Seleucia after himself; whether this city is, or can be, the city known as Seleucia on the Euphrates or Seleucia at the Zeugma is disputed. The population in the city was approximately 80,000. In 64 BC Zeugma was conquered and ruled by the Roman Empire and with this shift the name of the city was changed into Zeugma, meaning "bridge-passage" or "bridge of boats". During the Roman rule, the city became one of the attractions in the region, due to its commercial potential originating from its geo-strategic location because the city was on the Silk Road connecting Antioch to China with a quay or pontoon bridge across the river Euphrates. In 256, Zeugma experienced an invasion and it was fully destroyed by the Sassanid king, Shapur I. The invasion was so dramatic that Zeugma was not able to recover for a long time. To make the situation even worse, a violent earthquake buried the city beneath rubble. Indeed, the city never gained the prosperity once achieved during the Roman rule. In the 4th century, Zeugma and environs became a Late Roman territory. During the 5th and 6th centuries the city was ruled over by the Early Byzantium domination. As a result of the ongoing Arab raids the city was abandoned once again. Later on, in the 10th and 12th centuries a small Abbasid residence settled in Zeugma. Finally a village called Belkis was founded in the 17th century. Later on Belkis/Zeugma became one of the four major attractions of the Kingdom of Commagene. by Wikipedia |
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Author | Kıvanç Niş from Istanbul, Turkey |
Camera location | 37° 04′ 37.53″ N, 37° 23′ 15.01″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 37.077093; 37.387504 |
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on June 12, 2010 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
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current | 03:36, 12 June 2010 | 1,031 × 781 (192 KB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description=Explore No : #356 :))) Zeugma Zeugma (Greek: ??????) is an ancient city of Commagene; currently located in the Gaziantep Province of Turkey (coordinates 37�03.5?N, 37�51.95?E). It is a historical settlement which is consid |
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Image title | HPIM0897.JPG |
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Camera manufacturer | Hewlett-Packard |
Camera model | Photosmart M417 |
Copyright holder | Copyright 2003-2004 |
Exposure time | 1/167 sec (0.0059880239520958) |
F-number | f/4.81 |
ISO speed rating | 400 |
Date and time of data generation | 19:39, 2 March 2007 |
Lens focal length | 6.25 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop 7.0 |
File change date and time | 17:41, 17 July 2007 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Soft |
Subject distance range | Distant view |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 19:39, 2 March 2007 |
Image compression mode | 2.9816019244476 |
APEX shutter speed | 7.385 |
APEX aperture | 4.532 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.082 APEX (f/2.91) |
Subject distance | 0.87 meters |
Metering mode | Average |
Light source | Shade |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Color space | sRGB |