File:Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone (Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Breathitt County, Kentucky, USA) 1 (16798235747).jpg
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DescriptionCannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone (Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Breathitt County, Kentucky, USA) 1 (16798235747).jpg |
Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone in the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky, USA. This exposure is part of a relatively new roadcut along new Route 15, north of the town of Jackson, Kentucky, USA. The exposure has Pennsylvanian-aged cyclothemic sedimentary rocks of the Breathitt Group (formerly the Breathitt Formation). Shown above is the Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone. The two black-colored horizons are coal beds. The upper coal bed is cannel coal. The lower is bituminous coal. Cannel coal is a scarce, fossil spore-rich variety of coal - it is hard, has a velvety to satiny luster, little to no stratification, and a conchoidal fracture. Bituminous coal is a common variety of coal - it is relatively soft, sooty, has blocky-weathering, is well stratified and laminated, and has patches of glassy-lustered material (vitrain) in and among dull-lustered material. The cannel coal horizon was economically significant in the early 20th century, and the unit was extensively mined in eastern Kentucky. Published info. about the locality shown above (see Greb & Eble, 2014) indicates that the cannel coal is 33% ash and 1.6% sulfur. The macerals in the cannel coal include liptinite (~47%), inertinite (~31%), and vitrinite (~22%). Plant microfossils from the cannel coal are principally lycopsid tree spores and calamite sphenophyte spores. The cannel coal horizon itself represents an ancient lake formed in a basement fault-generated depression. The grayish to yellowish-weathering, cliff-like unit at the top is a channel sandstone. The gray to gray-brown unit between the two coal horizons is shale. Below the lower coal bed is another channel sandstone (= covered in talus in this shot). Stratigraphy: Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone, upper Pikeville Formation, Breathitt Group, lower Atokan Series (Duckmantian), lower Middle Pennsylvanian Location: Jackson North outcrop - large roadcut on the eastern side of new Rt. 15, just south of southbound old Rt. 15-new Rt. 15 split, north of Jackson, north-central Breathitt County, eastern Kentucky, USA (37° 34’ 53.95” North, 83° 23’ 07.99” West) Reference cited: Greb & Eble (2014) - Cannel coals of the Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Bed (Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian); evidence for possible fault-generated lakes. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 46(6): 604. |
Date | |
Source | Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone (Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Breathitt County, Kentucky, USA) 1 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/16798235747 (archive). It was reviewed on 6 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
6 December 2019
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current | 03:16, 6 December 2019 | 4,000 × 3,000 (4.52 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/160 sec (0.00625) |
F-number | f/3.2 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 09:11, 8 January 2015 |
Lens focal length | 7.23 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 22:19, 1 April 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 09:11, 8 January 2015 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 7.3125 |
APEX aperture | 3.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.34375 APEX (f/3.19) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Landscape |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 18:19, 1 April 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | C207CC636A26749D870E1F5AD577E263 |