File:Classic italian pandoro (45983202242).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionClassic italian pandoro (45983202242).jpg |
Pandoro appeared in remote times, the product of the ancient art of breadmaking, as the name, pan d'oro (literally: 'golden bread'), suggests. Throughout the Middle Ages, white bread was consumed solely by the rich, while the common people could only afford black bread and, often, not even that. Sweet breads were reserved for nobility. Breads enriched with eggs, butter, and sugar or honey were served in the palaces and were known as royal bread or golden bread. The desserts consumed in the 17th century were described in the book Suor Celeste Galilei, Letters to Her Father, published by La Rosa of Turin, and they included "royal bread" made from flour, sugar, butter and eggs. However, the bread was already known and appreciated in the ancient Rome of Pliny the Elder, in the 1st century. That bread was made with "the finest flour combined with eggs, butter and oil". Virgil and Livy mentioned the preparation under the name Libum. The first citation of a dessert clearly identified as pandoro dates to the 18th century. The dessert certainly figured in the cuisine of the Venetian aristocracy. Venice was the principal market for spices as late as the 18th century, as well as for the sugar that by then had replaced honey in European pastries and breads made from leavened dough. And it was at Verona, in Venetian territory, that the formula for making pandoro was developed and perfected, a process that required a century. The modern history of this dessert bread began at Verona on October 30, 1894, when Domenico Melegatti obtained a patent for a procedure to be applied in producing pandoro industrially. |
Date | |
Source | IMG_3601 - classic italian pandoro |
Author | N i c o l a from Fiumicino (Rome), Italy |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Nicola since 1972 at https://flickr.com/photos/15216811@N06/45983202242 (archive). It was reviewed on 3 January 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
3 January 2019
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS 6D |
Author | Nicola Delfino nicola.delfino@outlook.com |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 1/100 sec (0.01) |
F-number | f/2 |
ISO speed rating | 800 |
Date and time of data generation | 00:02, 25 November 2018 |
Lens focal length | 85 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Classic 8.0 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 22:58, 24 November 2018 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 00:02, 25 November 2018 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.643856 |
APEX aperture | 2 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 1.75 APEX (f/1.83) |
Metering mode | Partial |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 72 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 72 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 1,520 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 1,520 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 3 |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Serial number of camera | 151028006882 |
Lens used | EF85mm f/1.8 USM |
Date metadata was last modified | 23:58, 24 November 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | A84823D8F3C6894FB7EFE72A8A9B7BA3 |
Keywords |
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IIM version | 4 |