Quercus robur

APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: Angiosperms • Cladus: eudicots • Cladus: core eudicots • Cladus: superrosids • Cladus: rosids • Cladus: eurosids I • Ordo: Fagales • Familia: Fagaceae • Genus: Quercus • Species: Quercus robur L. (1753)

シノニム

- see: Wikispecies

一般的な名前 [編集 wikidata 'ヨーロッパナラ']

日本語: ヨーロッパナラ
English: Pedunculate Oak
Afrikaans: Steeleik
العربية: سنديان قوي
مصرى: سنديان قوى
azərbaycanca: Yay palıdı
تۆرکجه: یای پالیدی
беларуская: Дуб звычайны
беларуская (тарашкевіца): дуб летні
български: Обикновен дъб
bosanski: Hrast lužnjak
català: Roure pènol
čeština: Dub letní
чӑвашла: Ахаль юман
Cymraeg: Derwen mes coesynnog
dansk: Stilk-eg
Deutsch: Stieleiche
Schweizer Hochdeutsch: Stieleiche
Ελληνικά: Ρουπακοβελανιδιά
emiliàn e rumagnòl: Róra
Esperanto: Tigfrukta kverko
eesti: Harilik tamm
euskara: Haritz kandudun
فارسی: بلوط قرمز اروپایی
suomi: Tammi
français: Chêne pédonculé
Nordfriisk: Someriakebuum
Gaeilge: Dair ghallda
galego: Carballo común
עברית: אלון אנגלי
hrvatski: Hrast lužnjak
hornjoserbsce: Šiškaty dub
magyar: Kocsányos tölgy
հայերեն: Կաղնի ամառային
Bahasa Indonesia: Pasang inggris
Ido: Rovro
íslenska: Sumareik
қазақша: Кәдімгі емен
한국어: 로부르참나무
kernowek: Dar
Lëtzebuergesch: Stilleech
lietuvių: Paprastasis ąžuolas
latviešu: Parastais ozols
олык марий: Тумо
македонски: стежер
кырык мары: Тум
эрзянь: Тумо
norsk bokmål: sommereik
Nederlands: Zomereik
norsk nynorsk: Sommareik
norsk: Sommereik
livvinkarjala: Tammi
polski: Dąb szypułkowy
پنجابی: یورپی بلوط
português: Carvalho-roble
português do Brasil: carvalho-roble
Runa Simi: K'aspicha ruwli
rumantsch: Ruver cumin
română: Stejar
русский: Дуб черешчатый
davvisámegiella: Eaika
žemaitėška: Ōžouls
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Lužnjak
slovenčina: Dub letný
slovenščina: Dob
nuõrttsääʹmǩiõll: čââʹrrmuõrr
српски / srpski: Лужњак
српски (ћирилица): Лужњак
srpski (latinica): Lužnjak
svenska: Ek
Türkçe: Saplı meşe
українська: Дуб звичайний
võro: Tamm
吴语: 夏栎
中文: 夏櫟
中文（中国大陆）: 夏栎
中文（简体）: 夏栎
中文（繁體）: 夏櫟
中文（香港）: 夏櫟
中文（新加坡）: 夏栎
中文（臺灣）: 夏櫟

植物の全体

Belgium

Enghien (Belgium)
Mesnil-Église (Belgium)
Presgaux (Belgium)
1000 year old pedunculate oak.
1000 year old pedunculate oak trunk.
Pedunculate oak in winter.
Pedonculate oak in winter, Havré, Belgium

Czech Republic

Kacerenský dub

Denmark

Raunkiaer Oak, Denmark

Estonia

Tamme-Lauri Oak (oldest tree in Estonia)
Viiralt's Oak
Pühajärve War Oak

Germany

Pedunculate oak in Wilsede, Lüneburg Heath
1000 yo oak in Nöbdenitz, Germany
680 year old pedunculate oak in Wriezen-Haselberg
Quercus robur, Natural monuments in Uetersen
Landschaftspark Steinhöfel, Germany

Poland

Marki, Poland
Marki, Poland
Natural monument, Marki, Poland
Marki, Poland
Dąb Chrobry, gmina Przemków, Nadleśnictwo Szprotawa
Natural monument, Kończyce Wielkie, Poland
gmina Nieporęt, near Marki, Poland

other countries (unsorted)

Pedunculate (common) oak in conical form
Habitus and Habitat
more than 1000 year old pedunculate oak
Oak "Cysters" in Rudy
In urban environment
Gernikako Arbola, the oak besides the Basque Parliament in Gernika
oak in Araba

Natural habitats

Trees in winter, Denmark
Dąb Chrobry, gmina Przemków, Nadleśnictwo Szprotawa.

Bark

Bark on old tree
Bark
Bark (middle-aged tree)
Closed rind gall. Białowieża forest (maps.google.com) Poland
'Fastigiata' Bark
Bark, tree in a forest
Young tree

花芽

Buds
Buds
Buds
Buds
Buds
Buds
Buds
Q. erucifolia Steven
Q. r. subsp. pedunculiflora
Q. longipes Steven

葉

Leaf (nl: veerspletig blad)
Leaves
Autumn leaf
Leaves and acorns
'Fastigiata' Leaves
'Concordia'
New leaves
A cutleaf form/variety of Q. pedunculiflora, Southeastern Bulgaria
Quercus erucifolia Steven
mutation
mutation
Seedling
Seedling/shoot of a cutleaf form/variety of Q. pedunculiflora
Quercus pedunculiflora
Quercus longipes Steven – seedling
2 years old (Moscow region)
Leaves of the subspecies Q. r. ssp. pedunculiflora.

花

Flowers
Male flowers (Mannelijke bloeiwijze van Zomereik)
Male flowers in hanging inflorescence
Female flowers on a long peduncle
twigs with male flowers
Q.r. subsp. pedunculiflora – female flowers

Infructescences

Acorns
Acorns
Acorns
Acorn
Leaf and acorn Solana del Pino
Acorn shells (one misformed)
Intraspecific morphological variability of the acorn cup
Quercus erucifolia Steven
Białowieża, Poland
Q.r. subsp. pedunculiflora – acorns

Pests and diseases

Oak galls on male flowers
Andricus foecundatrix
Andricus fecundator
Andricus fecundator, letyniec szysznica, Polska
Andricus foecundatrix on Quercus robur
Andricus foecundatrix
Andricus kollari
Andricus kollari
Andricus quercusfolii
Andricus quercuscalicis
Andricus quercuscalicis
Oak galls on acorns (Andricus quercuscalicis)
Cynips agama
(nl: vrouwelijk galwesp Eikennapjesgal) female Neuroterus albipes forma laeviusculus
Neuroterus numismalis
Neuroterus quercusbaccharum
Oak mildew Microsphaera alphitoides (nl: Zomereik met meeldauw), mączniak dębu
Tischeria complanella, tyszerka płaskowiaczek, Polska
Tischeria complanella, tyszerka płaskowiaczek, Polska
Neuroterus numismalis
Neuroterus quercus-baccarum; rewiś dębowy, rewiś jagodek; Polska
Neuroterus quercus-baccarum; rewiś dębowy, rewiś jagodek; Polska
Caliroa annulipes, śluzownica lipowa, Polska
Caliroa annulipes, śluzownica lipowa, Polska
Daedalea quercina, Gmatwek dębu, Polska
Mildew
Mildew

Cultivars

Quercus robur 'Fastigiata'
Quercus robur 'Fastigiata'
Quercus robur 'Fastigiata'
Quercus robur 'Concordia'
Quercus robur 'Concordia' leaves
Quercus robur 'Pyramidalis'

Wood, products

Wood
cross section, Marki, Poland.
cross section with include sapwood
longitudinal section with include sapwood
Tree rings (Öland, Sweden).
Sanded cross section (1200 dpi), Öland, Sweden, Dendrochronological time span AD 1585-1698
Quercus robur - Museum specimen

Native distribution areas

Range map

Botanical illustrations

Quercus robur
plate 143 in:
Wayside and woodland blossoms,
1895
Quercus robur
plate 143 in:
Wayside and woodland blossoms,
1895

alternative
crop
Storkeegen, an old tree in Denmark
Baggesenseg, an old tree in Denmark