কমন্স:অঞ্চল অনুযায়ী কপিরাইট নিয়মাবলী/ভারত

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This page is a translated version of a page Commons:Copyright rules by territory/India and the translation is 44% complete. Changes to the translation template, respectively the source language can be submitted through Commons:Copyright rules by territory/India and have to be approved by a translation administrator.
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এই পাতায় ভারতের কপিরাইট নিয়মাবলীর একটা মোটামুটি বিবরণ দেওয়া হল, যা উইকিমিডিয়া কমন্সে কোন সৃজনমূলক কাজ আপলোড করার জন্য প্রাসঙ্গিক। দ্রষ্টব্য যে ভারতজাত কোন সৃষ্টিকর্ম উইকিমিডিয়া কমন্সে আপলোড করতে হলে তা অবশ্যই ভারত ও মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র উভয়ত্রই পাবলিক ডোমেইন বা মুক্ত লাইসেন্সভুক্ত হতে হবে। ভারতজাত কোন সৃষ্টিকর্মের কপিরাইট পরিস্থিতি নিয়ে কোন সন্দেহ থাকলে ব্যাখ্যার জন্য সংশ্লিষ্ট আইন দেখুন।

প্রেক্ষাপট

উনিশ শতকে ভারতবর্ষের বেশির ভাগ অংশই প্রত্যক্ষ বা অপ্রত্যক্ষভাবে ব্রিটিশ শাসনে ছিল, শুধু কয়েকটা ছোট ফরাসি ও পর্তুগিজ এলাকা ছাড়া। ১৯৪৭ সালে দেশটি স্বাধীন হয়, ভারত ও পাকিস্তানের মধ্যে বিভাজিত হয়ে। দেশীয় রাজ্যগুলির দ্রুত অন্তর্ভুক্তি ঘটে। ফরাসি ভারত ১৯৫০ থেকে ১৯৫৪ সালের মধ্যে ভারতকে হস্তান্তরিত হয়, আর পর্তুগিজ ভারত ১৯৬১ সালে ভারত কর্তৃক অধিকৃত হয়।

ভারত ১ এপ্রিল ১৯২৮ থেকে বার্ন কনভেনশন, ১ জানুয়ারি ১৯৯৫ থেকে বিশ্ব বাণিজ্য সংস্থা এবং ২৫ ডিসেম্বর ২০১৮ থেকে উইপো কপিরাইট চুক্তির সদস্য।[1]

কপিরাইট আইন, ১৯৫৭ (১৯৫৭-এর ১৪ নং আইন, ২০১২-এর ২৭ নং আইন পর্যন্ত যথারূপ সংশোধিত) ব্রিটিশ যুক্তরাজ্যের ১৯১১ সালের কপিরাইট আইনের উপর আধারিত ভারতীয় কপিরাইট আইন, ১৯১৪-কে বাতিল করে। [১৯৫৭-২০১২ ধারা ৭৯(১)] আইনটি ভূতাপেক্ষ না হওয়ায় এটি শুরু হওয়ার সময় কপিরাইটভুক্ত ছিল না এমন কোন সৃষ্টিকর্মের কপিরাইট পুনঃবলবৎ করেনি। [১৯৫৭-২০১২ ধারা ৭৯(৩)]

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Copyright Act, 1957 (Act No. 14 of 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of India.[1] WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

[2][3]

A Hand Book of Copyright Law, published by the Government of India, is also relevant.

[4]

Durations

Under the Copyright Act, 1957 (Act No. 14 of 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012),

  • All durations are calculated from the start of the calendar year that follows the event on which the duration is calculated (e.g. from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the author dies or the work is first published.)
  • Except as otherwise provided, copyright subsists in any literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work published within the lifetime of the author until 60 years after the author's death.[1957-2012 Section 22]
    • Works by authors who died before 1941 entered the public domain after 50 years and copyright has not been restored.
    • The reference to the author shall, in the case of a work of joint authorship, be construed as a reference to the author who dies last.[1957-2012 Section 22]
  • With a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work (other than a photograph) which is published anonymously or pseudonymously, copyright subsists for 60 years from the year in which the work is first published: Provided that where the identity of the author is disclosed before the expiry of the said period, copyright shall subsist until 60 years from the year in which the author dies.[1957-2012 Section 23(1)]
  • With a literary, dramatic or musical work or an engraving in which copyright subsists at the date of the death of the author ... but which ... has not been published before that date, copyright shall subsist until 60 years from the year in which the work is first published...[1957-2012 Section 24(1)]
  • The term of copyright in photographs was omitted by the Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2012 (No. 027 of 2012).[1957-2012 Section 25] A photograph is considered an artistic work in this version of the Act.[1957-2012 Section 2(c)(i)]
    • Photographs were formerly protected for 50 years after creation (for creation before 1958), and for 60 years after publication (for publication after 1957).
  • With a cinematograph film, copyright subsists until 60 years from the year in which the film is published.[1957-2012 Section 26]
  • With a sound recording copyright subsists until 60 years from the year in which the sound recording is published.[1957-2012 Section 27]
  • With a Government work, where Government is the first owner of the copyright, copyright subsists until 60 years from the year in which the work is first published.[1957-2012 Section 28] A work is a Government work if it is made or published by or under the direction or control of (1) the Government or any of its departments, (2) any Legislature in India; or (3) any court, tribunal or other judicial authority in India.[1957-2012 Section 2(k)]
  • With a work where a public undertaking is the first owner of the copyright therein, copyright subsists until 60 years from the year in which the work is first published.[1957-2012 Section 28A] A public undertaking is (1) an undertaking owned or controlled by the Government, (2) a Government company as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act 1956 of India, or (3) a body corporate established by or under any Central, Provincial or State Act.[1957-2012 Section 17(dd)]

কপিরাইট ট্যাগসমূহ

সংক্ষিপ্ত

আরও দেখুন : কমন্স: কপিরাইট ট্যাগ

  • {{PD-India}} – India public domain images and sounds, 60 years after the end of the year of first publication for anonymous and government works and a few other categories, provided that the subject matter of the photo or recording is also not protected by copyright. Otherwise public domain 60 years after the author's death.
  • {{PD-India-photo-1958}} – Photographs created before 1958 are in the public domain 50 years after creation.
  • {{PD-India-URAA}} – For work that is public domain in the United States because it was first published in India (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days) and it was first published before 1978 without complying with U.S. copyright formalities or after 1978 without copyright notice and it was in the public domain in its home country India on the URAA date January 1, 1996.
  • {{EdictGov-India}} – For edicts of the Government of India whose copyright have not expired. Subject to restrictions, these include laws, judgements, and Reports on the Table of the Legislature.
  • {{Indian navy}} – For works from the Indian Navy.
  • {{Indian Army}} – For works from the Indian Army.
  • Works by the Government of India can be uploaded under {{GODL-India}} (central government only, not state governments). (under discussion, see template talk page).
  • {{PD-TamilGov}} – Work in the public domain because it was nationalized by Tamil Nadu Government and released into the Public Domain.

মুদ্রা

আরও দেখুন : কমন্স:মুদ্রা

OK The Indian government holds the copyright of the images of most denominations of Indian currency, including the ₹1 note, but reproduction is permitted. Please use {{GODL-India}}.

বিস্তৃত দৃশ্যের স্বাধীনতা

আরও দেখুন : কমন্স:বিস্তৃত দৃশ্যের স্বাধীনতা

  • ঠিক আছে. For 3D (architecture and sculptures) {{FoP-India}},
  •  ঠিক না. For copyrighted 2D (paintings, drawings, maps, pictures, engravings, etc.)

Under the Copyright Act, 1957 (Act No. 14 of 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012), the following acts shall not constitute an infringement of copyright:[1957-2012 Section 52]

  • The making or publishing of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of a work of architecture or the display of a work of architecture;[1957-2012 Section 52(s)]
  • The making or publishing of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of a sculpture, or other artistic work falling under sub-clause (iii) of clause (c) of section 2, if such work is permanently situate in a public place or any premises to which the public has access;[1957-2012 Section 52(t)]
    Section 2(c)(iii) reads "any other work of artistic craftsmanship;".[1957-2012 Section 2(c)(iii)] Paintings, drawings, or photographs fall under Section 2(c){i).[1957-2012 Section 2(c)(i)]
  • The inclusion in a cinematograph film of (i) any artistic work permanently situate in a public place or any premises to which the public has access;[1957-2012 Section 52(u)]
Case/s

Indian law is modelled on UK law, and in the scarcity of more specific case laws to the contrary it is reasonable to assume that the rules will be similar. See COM:FOP United Kingdom for more details.

ডাকটিকিট

আরও দেখুন : কমন্স:ডাকটিকিট

: Stamps are now covered under {{GODL-India}}. In addition, all Indian stamps older than 60 years are in the public domain. See en.wikipedia discussion here and here.

Use either {{GODL-India}} or {{PD-India}} where appropriate. Material issued by the Government of India before independence may be covered by {{PD-UKGov}}.

Threshold of originality

আরও দেখুন : Commons:Threshold of originality

India seems to have a similar threshold of originality as the US Courts, called Modicum of Creativity. Older cases may have similar thresholds of originality to the UK Courts called Sweat of the brow but this is no longer applied. Robbin Singh has written an essay on the subject that may be useful.

[5]

আরো দেখুন

উদ্ধৃতিসমূহ

  1. a b India Copyright and Related Rights (Neighboring Rights). WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (2018). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  2. Copyright Act, 1957 (Act No. 14 of 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012). India (2012). Retrieved on 2018-11-08.
  3. Copyright Act, 1957: Act No. 14 of 1957. India. Retrieved on 2019-01-26.
  4. A Hand Book of Copyright Law. India. Retrieved on 2019-01-26.
  5. Robbin Singh. Understanding The Concept Of Originality Under Copy Right Law In India. International Monthly Journal. Retrieved on 2019-03-22.
সাবধানতা: উপরের বিবরণ ভুল, অসম্পূর্ণ এবং / অথবা পুরানো হতে পারে, তাই অবশ্যই সাবধানতার সাথে ব্যবহার করা উচিত। উইকিমিডিয়া কমন্সে কোনও ফাইল আপলোড করার আগে আপনার অবশ্যই নিশ্চিত হওয়া উচিত যে এটি অবাধে ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে। আরও দেখুন : কমন্স:সাধারণ দাবীত্যাগ