Picea abies

Domain: Eukaryota • Regnum: Plantae • Phylum: Pinophyta • Ordo: Pinales • Familia: Pinaceae • Genus: Picea • Species: Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.

Vernacular names

English: Norway Spruce · Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎: Елка · Česky: Smrk ztepilý · Dansk: Rødgran · Deutsch: Gemeine Fichte · Eesti: Kuusk · Español: Abeto rojo · Esperanto: Ordinara piceo · Français: Épicéa commun · Hornjoserbsce: Wšědny šmrěk · Hrvatski: Smreka · עברית: אשוחית נורבגית · Latviešu: Parastā egle · Lietuvių: Paprastoji eglė · Magyar: Lucfenyő · Македонски: Обична смрча · Nederlands: Fijnspar · 日本語: オウシュウトウヒ · Norsk bokmål: Gran · Norsk nynorsk: Gran · Polski: Świerk pospolity · Runa Simi: Pisya · Русский: Ель обыкновенная · Slovenčina: Smrek obyčajný · Suomi: Metsäkuusi, kuusi · Svenska: Gran · Türkçe: Avrupa ladini · Українська: Ялина європейська · Žemaitėška: Eglė ·

Plants [edit]

Habitat and trees [edit]

Lappeenranta, Finland
Farrenberg, Germany
Engelberg, Switzerland
Engelberg, Switzerland
Vestfold, Norway
Korpimäcki reserve, Sweden
Karkonosze, Poland
Piz Uccello, Switzerland
Scheibbs, Austria
Scheibbs, Austria
Moderfeid, Alsace, France
In winter snow, Shipka Pass, Bulgaria
In snow, Marki, Poland
Trunk with knots, spring Vltava river, Šumava, Czech Republic
Tree
Tree
Top of tree, with cones
Broken tree with regrowth
Roots of fallen tree; young trees behind
Trees in Stołowe Mountains
Stołowe Mountains
in Keila, Estonia
in Keila, Estonia
Trees in Silesian Beskids, Poland
in forest with Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica, Silesian Beskids, Poland

Bark [edit]

Resin

Leaves [edit]

spring buds opening
branch covered with lichen

Cones [edit]

Immature cone
Immature cone
Immature cone
Immature cone
Immature cone
Immature seed cones (dark pink), pollen cones (yellow-pink)
Pollen cone
Pollen cones
Pollen cones

Seedlings and young plants [edit]

English: Seedling in Austria

Deutsch: Keimling in Kärnten

Distribution [edit]

Cultivars [edit]

See Picea abies cultivars

Pests, diseases and damage [edit]

Czech Republic; some trees killed by Ips typographus
Gall caused by Adelges sp.
Gall caused by Adelges sp.
Gall caused by Adelges sp.
Browsing damage by Capreolus capreolus
Browsing damage by Capreolus capreolus
Browsing damage by Capreolus capreolus
Cones eaten by rodents
Cones eaten by rodents
Brown rot fungal decay, blown down
Snag tree with Fomitopsis pinicola with white rot
Trees killed by acid rain pollution, Erzgebirge, Germany
Trees killed by acid rain pollution, Erzgebirge, Germany
New plantation, replanted on forest killed by acid rain, Erzgebirge, Germany
Resin exudation from a sawn-off branch
Resin
Gall
Gall
Gall
Gall
Gall
Witch's broom

Storm damage [edit]

Czech Republic
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany

Wood [edit]

Wood
Reaction-wood in a crosscut of a Spruce stump (Picea abies) growing on soft ground in a bog, near Björbo, Sweden (60°27'N 14°40'E)
Reaction-wood, Białowieża, Polska
Tree rings. (Dalarna, Sweden)
The two boards to the left are both of Scots Pine wood (Pinus sylvestris), and the one to the right is of Norway Spruce wood (Picea abies).
Simple pit and intercellular spaces between two ray parenchyma cells
Bordered pits
Piceoid, half-bordered pit in the cross field
Picea abies - Museum specimen