Epipactis atrorubens

 Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Dark red helleborine']

• English: Royal helleborine
• مصرى: الهلبورين الاحمر الداكن
• беларуская: Гайнік цёмна-чырвоны
• български: тъмночервен дремник
• català: Hel·leborina vermell fosc
• čeština: kruštík tmavočervený
• Cymraeg: Y galdrist ruddgoch
• dansk: Rød hullæbe
• Deutsch: Braunrote Ständelwurz
• español: Heleborina rojo oscuro
• eesti: Tumepunane neiuvaip
• suomi: tummaneidonvaippa
• français: Épipactis pourpre noirâtre
• hrvatski: Tamnocrvena kruščika
• hornjoserbsce: Brunočerwjeny stawač
• magyar: Vörösbarna nőszőfű
• italiano: Heleborina rojo oscuro
• Lëtzebuergesch: Donkelrout Harespelorchidee
• lietuvių: Tamsialapis skiautalūpis
• latviešu: Tumšsarkanā dzeguzene
• norsk bokmål: Rødflangre
• Nederlands: Bruinrode wespenorchis
• norsk nynorsk: Raudflangre
• norsk: Rødflangre
• polski: Kruszczyk rdzawoczerwony
• русский: Дремлик тёмно-красный
• svenska: Purpurknipprot
• українська: Коручка темно-червона

APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: Angiosperms • Cladus: monocots • Ordo: Asparagales • Familia: Orchidaceae • Subfamilia: Epidendroideae • Tribus: Neottieae • Genus: Epipactis • Species: Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser (1809)

Synonyms

Basionym Serapias latifolia atrorubens Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 182. (1804) Homotypic synonyms Serapias atrorubens (Hoffm.) Bernh., Neues J. Bot. 1(3): 172. (1806) Epipactis latifolia var. atrorubens (Hoffm.) Irmisch, Linnaea 16: 450. (1842) Helleborine atrorubens (Hoffm.) Druce, Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1905: 48. (1905). Heterotypic synonyms Epipactis helleborine var. rubiginosa Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2, 2: 467. (1769) Epipactis helleborine var. viridans Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2, 2: 467. (1769) Serapias latifolia O.F.Müll.. in G.C.Oeder & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Dan.: t. 811. (1780) Serapias latifolia var. sylvestris Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 512. (1807) Epipactis atropurpurea Raf., Caratt. Nuov. Gen.: 87. (1810) Serapias sylvestris Murray ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot.: 766. (1821) Epipactis latifolia var. rubiginosa (Crantz) Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 5: 465. (1829) Epipactis latifolia Less., Linnaea 9: 156. (1834), nom. illeg. Epipactis media Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2: 54. (1839) Epipactis macropodia Peterm., Fl. Bienitz: 31. (1841) Epipactis rubiginosa (Crantz) Gaudin ex W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 801. (1844) Epipactis latifolia subvar. lutescens Coss. & Germ., Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris: 561. (1845) Epipactis latifolia var. minor Neilr., Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 203. (1859) Epipactis latifolia var. viridans (Crantz) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 693. (1864) Epipactis atrorubens var. media (Fr.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 688. (1882) Epipactis microphylla Sieber ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 688. (1882) Epipactis latifolia f. viridans (Crantz) Dichtl, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 149. (1883) Epipactis viridans (Crantz) Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 214. (1890) Limodorum rubiginosum (Crantz) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 671. (1891) Epipactis atropurpurea f. pallens Beckh., Fl. Westfalen: 855. (1893) Epipactis rubiginosa f. latifolia Tocl, Beitr. Fl. Nordung.: 5. (1900) Helleborine media (Fr.) Druce, Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1905: 48. (1905) Epipactis atropurpurea var. orbicularis Zapal., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 228. (1906) Epipactis rubiginosa var. orbicularis Zapal., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 228. (1906) Helleborine atropurpurea (Raf.) Schinz & Thell., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 53: 588. (1908) Epipactis atropurpurea var. leviconica Engenst., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 18: 111. (1912) Epipactis atropurpurea subvar. lutescens (Coss. & Germ.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 13: 206. (1912) Epipactis atropurpurea subvar. virescens Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 13: 206. (1912) Epipactis atrorubens var. stenopetala W.Zimm., Form. Orch. Deut.: 74. (1912) Amesia atropurpurea (Raf.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr., Bot. Gaz. 56: 47. (1913) Helleborine rubiginosa (Crantz) Samp., Herb. Portug.: 36. (1913) Helleborine viridans (Crantz) Samp., Herb. Portug.: 36. (1913) Amesia rubiginosa (Crantz) Mousley, Canad. Field-Naturalist 40: 182. (1926) Helleborine atropurpurea f. alternifolia G.Froel. ex Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Helleborine atropurpurea f. borbasii Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Helleborine atropurpurea f. latifolia (Tocl) Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Helleborine atropurpurea f. leviconica (Engenst.) Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Helleborine atropurpurea lusus lutescens (Coss. & Germ.) Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Helleborine atropurpurea f. orbicularis (Zapal.) Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Helleborine atropurpurea lusus pallens (Beckh.) Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Helleborine atropurpurea f. radnensis Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Helleborine atropurpurea f. suboppositifolia G.Froel.. ex Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Helleborine atropurpurea var. tremolsii (Pau) Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 34. (1927) Epipactis atrorubens subvar. albiflora E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus, Iconogr. Orchid. Europe 2: 481. (1929) Epipactis atrorubens subvar. borbasii (Soó) E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus, Iconogr. Orchid. Europe 2: 481. (1929) Epipactis atrorubens subvar. lutescens (Coss. & Germ.) E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus, Iconogr. Orchid. Europe 2: 481. (1929) Epipactis atrorubens subvar. radnensis (Soó) E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus, Iconogr. Orchid. Europe 2: 481. (1929) Epipactis atrorubens subvar. suboppositifolia (G.Froel. ex Soó) E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus, Iconogr. Orchid. Europe 2: 481. (1929) Epipactis atrorubens subvar. viridiflora (Sanio) E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus, Iconogr. Orchid. Europe 2: 481. (1929), nom. illeg. Epipactis atrorubens f. pallens (Beckh.) Hyl., Nomenkl. Stud. Nord. Gefässpfl.: 119. (1945) Epipactis helleborine subsp. viridans (Crantz) O.Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 92. (1949) Epipactis atropurpurea var. longibracteata Bordz. in Fl. RSS Ucr. 3: 344. (1950) Epipactis atropurpurea var. majoriflora Bordz., in Fl. RSS Ucr. 3: 344. (1950) Epipactis atrorubens f. angustifolia Snarskis, Lietuvos T.S.R. Fl. 2: 678. (1963) Epipactis atrorubens subsp. borbasii Soó in Z.Kárpáti, Magyar Fl.: 703. (1968) Epipactis atrorubens f. latifolia (Tocl) Soó, Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 57. (1969) Epipactis atrorubens f. longibracteata (Bordz.) Soó, Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 57. (1969) Epipactis atrorubens f. majoriflora (Bordz.) Soó, Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 57. (1969) Epipactis atrorubens f. orbicularis (Zapal.) Soó, Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eötvös, Sect. Biol. 11: 57. (1969) Epipactis atrorubens subsp. triploidea Gelbr. & G.Hamel, Gleditschia 15: 204. (1987) Epipactis subclausa Robatsch, Linzer Biol. Beitr. 20: 167. (1988) Epipactis thessala B.Baumann & H.Baumann, Mitt. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. Baden-Württemberg 20: 5. (1988) Epipactis danubialis Robatsch & Rydlo, Linzer Biol. Beitr. 21: 296. (1989) Epipactis atrorubens f. sirneensis Neirynck, Caesiana 5: 44. (1995) Epipactis spiridonovii Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers, Naturalistes Belges 76: 87. (1995) Epipactis atrorubens subsp. danubialis (Robatsch & Rydlo) Ciocârlan & R.Rösler, J. Eur. Orch. 36: 812. (2004) Epipactis atrorubens subsp. spiridonovii (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz, Kompend. Eur. Orchid.: 59. (2004) Epipactis atrorubens subsp. subclausa (Robatsch) Kreutz, Kompend. Eur. Orchid.: 59. (2004) Epipactis atrorubens var. triploidea (Gelbr. & G.Hamel) Kreutz, Kompend. Eur. Orchid.: 60. (2004) Epipactis atrorubens var. atrata A.Waldner & Webernd., J. Eur. Orch. 37: 132. (2005) Epipactis persica subsp. danubialis (Robatsch & Rydlo) Kreutz, Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 24(1): 183. (2007) Epipactis atrorubens var. macedonica Kreutz, Tsiftsis & Antonop., Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 26(2): 32. (2009)

Images of the whole plant

• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Estland - Männiku
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  habitat
  Germany -
  Schwäbische Alb
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  habitat
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany -
  Berchtesgadener Alpen
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Mainfranken
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens (left)
  Gymnadenia conopsea (right)
  Germany - Mainfranken
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Saarland
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Saarland
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  young
  Germany - Saarland
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  young
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Switzerland - Wengernalp/Haaregg
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl

• 
  (syn.) Epipactis atrorubens f. pallens
  Estland - Männiku

Inflorescences

• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Leutratal und Cospoth, Thuringia, Germany
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Saarland
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Leutratal und Cospoth, Thuringia, Germany
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Leutratal und Cospoth, Thuringia, Germany
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Warburger Börde
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  France -
  région parisienne
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  flowers
  Ireland
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl

Flowers

• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Kaiserstuhl
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany -
  Schwäbische Alb
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Tatra Mountains
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany -
  Berchtesgadener Alpen
• 
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Saarland
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Blaubeuren, Pappelau
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens f. pallens
  syn.

Buds

• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Wank
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Saarland
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  Epipactis atrorubens
  Germany - Saarland
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens

Leaves

• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens

Natural habitats

• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens

Botanical illustrations

• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  (as syn.
  Epipactis rubiginosa)
  plate 446 in vol. 4:
  Anton Hartinger:
  Atlas der Alpenflora
  (Orchidaceae),
  (1882)
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  plate 1446 in:
  Flora Batava
  (Orchidaceae),
  vol. 19,
  (1893)
• 
  Epipactis atrorubens
  plate 11 in:
  Henry Correvon:
  Album des orchidées de l'Europe centrale et septentrionale
  Genève (1899)
• 

  Epipactis atrorubens
  (as syn.
  Epipactis rubiginosa)
  Tafel 49 in:
  Walter Müller:
  Abbildungen der in Deutschland und den angrenzenden Gebieten vorkommenden Grundformen der Orchideenarten
  Berlin (1904)

Native distribution areas

Reference: Brummitt, R.K. (2001) TDGW - World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition Europe Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden. Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Southwestern Europe France, Spain. Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine. Asia-Temperate Siberia West Siberia. Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.

Selected Weblinks

Wikispecies has an entry on: Epipactis atrorubens.

• Kew Gardens 'World Checklist' link : Epipactis atrorubens