Автомобильная промышленность СССР

The automotive industry in the Soviet Union spanned the history of the state from 1929 to 1991. It started with the establishment of large car manufacturing plants and reorganisation of the AMO Factory in Moscow in the late 1920s–early 1930s, during the first five-year plan, and continued until the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991. Before its disintegration, the Soviet Union produced 2.1-2.3 million units per year of all types, and was the sixth (previously fifth) largest automotive producer, ranking ninth place in cars, third in trucks, and first in buses.

Armenian SSR[edit]

w:en:ErAZ (1964–2002) produced w:en:RAF-based panel vans and minibuses.

ErAZ-762 (1967–1996)
ErAZ 762VGP, basing upon the w:en:RAF-977 minibus

Azerbaijan SSR[edit]

BakAZ (1978–1993) produced PAZ-based small buses
KiAZ (1986–present)

Byelorussian SSR[edit]

w:en:BelAZ (1948–present) manufactured super-heavy trucks

BelAZ-548A (1967–1975)
BelAZ-7540 (1990–present)

MAZ (1944–present) manufactured heavy trucks

w:en:MAZ-200 (1950–1965)
w:en:MAZ-500 (1965–1977)
MAZ-5549 (1977–1990)
MAZ-5551 (1985–present)
w:en:MAZ-537 (1959–1989)
w:en:MAZ-7917 (1984–1992)

w:en:MoAZ (1948–present)
w:en:MZKT (1954–present) in Soviet times, was a division of MAZ, a manufacturer of heavy and super-heavy trucks
Neman (1984–present) from 1990 started limited production of w:en:LiAZ-based buses

Neman-52012
Neman buses

Estonian SSR[edit]

Georgian SSR[edit]

KAZ (1945–present, truck production ceased in the 1990s) produced backbone tractors with a comfortable cabin, but low quality and dynamic characteristics and had gained in the Soviet Union a bad reputation. Were gradually replaced by tractors MAZ and, later, KaMAZ

Kirghiz SSR[edit]

w:en:Frunze Auto-assembly Plant

Latvian SSR[edit]

RAF (1949–1998) produced vans and ambulances on their base

RAF-251 - w:en:GAZ-51-based bus (1955–1958)
RAF-08 Spriditis - 8-passenger prototype bus (1957)
RAF-10 Festival - w:en:GAZ-M20-based 9-11-passenger bus (1957–1959)
RAF-977 Latvia (1959)
RAF-977 Latvia - GAZ-21-based 10-passenger van (1959–1976)
RAF-2203 Latvia - 4x2 van (1976—1997)

Lithuanian SSR[edit]

KAG (1956–1979) produced minibuses based on the w:en:GAZ-51 chassis

KAG-3
KAG-3

VFTS produced rally cars on Lada chassis

Lada 2105 VFTS
Lada 2108 Eva VFTS

Russian SFSR[edit]

Amur (1967-2012, until 2004 UAMZ)
w:en:AvtoKuban (1962-2001) manufactured small buses

Kuban bus G1 series (1967–1993)
Kuban bus G1 series (1967–1993)

w:en:AvtoVAZ (aka w:en:Lada, 1966–present) produced up to 800,000 cars annually;^[1] created in cooperation with w:en:Fiat, it started with the production of licensed and upgraded variants of the w:en:Fiat 124 or Fiat-derived models and later developed cars entirely of its own design, such as the VAZ-2108/2109/21099, the VAZ-2121, and the w:en:VAZ-1111.

VAZ-2101 Zhiguli (1970–1988)
VAZ-2102 Zhiguli (1971–1985)
VAZ-2103 (1972–1984)
VAZ-2106 (1976–2005)
VAZ-2121 Niva (1977–present)
VAZ-2105 (1980–2010)
VAZ-2104 (1984-2012)
VAZ-2107 (1982-2012)
VAZ-2108 Sputnik (1984–2003)
VAZ-2109 (1987–2004)
VAZ-21099 (1990–2004)
VAZ-1111 Oka (1987–1994)

w:en:AZLK (w:en:Moskvitch, 1929-2001), originally part of w:en:GAZ, built durable and easily repairable cars of similar class as VAZ and of its own design (since 1956), but in a significantly smaller numbers (up to 200,000). All of its cars produced between 1946 and 2001 were known under the name Moskvitch.

Ford-A produced at Moscow KIM factory (1933–1939)
KIM-10-50 (1940–1941)
Moskvitch-400/401 (1946–1956)
Moskvitch-402 (1956–1958)
Moskvitch-410 (1957–1958)
Moskvitch-407 (1958–1963)
Moskvitch-403 (1962–1965)
Moskvitch-408 (1964–1975)
Moskvitch-412 (1968–2001)
Moskvitch-427 (1967–1976)
Moskvitch-2140 (1976–1988)
Moskvitch-2137 (1976–1985)
Moskvitch-2140SL (1981–1987)
Moskvitch-2141 ALEKO (1986–2001)

BAZ (1958–present) manufactured military superheavy trucks.
w:en:GAZ (Volga, 1932–present) produced light trucks, Volga business-class sedans, which were also used as taxi cabs, and luxury automobiles such as the Chaika for Soviet officials (up to 100,000 cars annually).

GAZ-A (1932–1936)
GAZ-M1 (1936–1943)
GAZ-GL-1 (1938–1940)
GAZ-61 (1941)
GAZ-64 (1941–1943)
GAZ-67 (1943–1953)
GAZ-M20 Pobeda (1946–1955)
GAZ-M12 ZIM (1950–1960)
GAZ-M72 (1955–1958)
GAZ-M21 Volga (1956–1970)
GAZ-13 Chaika (1959–1981)
GAZ-22 Volga (1962–1970)
GAZ-24 Volga (1970–1985)
GAZ-24-02 (1972–1987
GAZ-24-95 (1974)
GAZ-14 (1977–1988)
GAZ-14-05 Chaika (1982–1988)
GAZ-24-10 Volga (1985-1992)
GAZ-AA (1932–1948)
GAZ-AAA (1936–1943)
GAZ-MM (1938–1949)
GAZ-51 (1946–1975)
GAZ-63 (1948–1968)
GAZ-52/-53 (1961–1993)
GAZ-66 (1964–1999)
GAZ-3307/3309 (1989–present)
GT-SM/GAZ-71 (1968–1985)
GAZ-34039 (1985–present)

IzhAvto (1967–present, the assembly plant AvtoVAZ since 2012), another manufacturer of Moskvitch small family cars and pickups often used by delivery services (produced up to 200,000 annually).

Izh-Moskvitch-408 (1966–1967)
Izh-Moskvitch-412 (1967–1982)
Izh-Moskvitch-412M (1982–2001)
Izh-2125 Kombi (1973–1982)
Izh-21251 Kombi (1982–1997)
Izh-2715 Pick-up (1972–1982)
Izh-2715-01 Pick-up (1982–1997)
Izh-2126 Oda (1990–2005)

w:en:KamAZ (1969–present) manufactured heavy 6×4 trucks.

KamAZ-5511 (1977–1990)
KamAZ-4310 (1979–present)

w:en:KAvZ (1958–present) produced conventional small buses on the basis of w:en:GAZ trucks, used as company vehicles and for passenger transport in the countryside on roads of poor quality.

KAvZ-651/663 (1958–1973)
KAvZ-685/3270/3271 (1971–1993)
KAvZ-3976 (1989–2008)

KZKT (1950–2011) manufactured superheavy trucks on MAZ chassis
LiAZ (1937–present) (not to be confused with the Czechoslovak brand trucks LIAZ) manufactured large city buses.

LiAZ-158 (1959–1970)
LiAZ-677M (1967–1996)
LiAZ-677M (1967–1996)
LiAZ-5256 (1986–present)

NefAZ (1972–present) produced KaMAZ vehicles. Since 2000, it also builds large city buses based on KaMAZ chassis.
PAZ (1932–present) manufactured small buses

PAZ-651 (1952–1961)
PAZ-672/3201 (1967–1989)
PAZ-3205 (1989-2003)
PAZ-32053 (2001–2016)

w:en:Prombron (1922–1926), which had acquired control over the former Russo-Balt factory in Fili, produced a small number of modernised Russo-Balt S24 cars. Two of them took part in the All-Russian test run of 1923.

SMZ, later w:en:SeAZ (1939–present, car production stopped in 2008), built w:en:cyclecars for the disabled. SMZ cars were distributed in the USSR for free or purchased at a large discount through the Soviet Union's social w:en:welfare system.

S1L/S3L (1952–1956/1956–1958)
SZA (1958–1970)
S3D (1970–1997)

w:en:UAZ (1941–present) produced light four-wheel-drive vehicles for either military or agricultural use.

UAZ-69A (1954–1972)
UAZ-450 (1958–1965)
UAZ-469/3151 (1971–present)
UAZ-452 (1965–present)

UralAZ (1941–present) manufactured general purpose off-road 6x6 trucks for use in the w:en:Soviet Army.

UralZiS-5 (1944–1947)
UralZiS-355М (1958–1965)
Ural-375 (1959–1991)

w:en:ZiL (former ZiS and AMO, 1916–present) built middle trucks, luxury sedans and w:en:limousines used as official state cars.

ZiS-101 (1936–1941)
ZiS-110 (1945–1958, renamed to ZiL-110 in 1956)
ZiL-111V converible (1958–1962)
ZiL-111G (1962–1967)
ZiL-114 (1970–1978)
ZiL-117 (1971–1978)
ZiL-115/41045 (1978–1985)
ZiL-41044 (1981)
ZiL-41047 (1985-2002)
ZiL-41041 (1986–2000)
ZiS-5 (1933–1948)
ZiS-150 (1947–1958)
ZiS-151 (1947–1957)
ZiL-164 (1957–1961)
ZiL-157 (1958–1994)
ZiL-130 (1962–1994)
ZiL-131 (1966–2002)
ZiL-49065 Blue Bird (1975–1991)
ZiL-4331 (1987–present)
ZiS-8 (1934–1941)
ZiS-154 (1946–1950)
ZiS-155 (1949–1957, renamed to ZiL-155 in 1956)
ZiS-127 (1955–1961, renamed to ZiL-127 in 1956)
ZiL-158 (1957–1959)
ZiL-118/119 (1962–1994)
ZiL-29061/PEM-1M (1979–1983)

ZMA (1987–present) produced Oka cars

Tajik SSR[edit]

w:en:Сhkalovsk Bus Plant (1960–1995)

Ukrainian SSR[edit]

Chasiv Yar Repair Plant (1958–present)
w:en:KrAZ (1958–present) (truck production of the w:en:Yaroslavl Motor Plant at Kremenchuk Harvester Plant) manufactured heavy trucks