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(2017). "Molecular phylogeny of 42 species of Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from three continents". Parasite 24: 23. DOI:10.1051/parasite/2017020. ISSN 1776-1042.

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Molecular phylogeny of 42 species of Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from three continents 
scientific article published in 2017
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  • Nil Rahola (11)
  • Gabriel Trueba (9)
  • Denis Augot (1)
  • Bruno Mathieu (2)
  • Leila Hadj-Henni (3)
  • Véronique Barriel (4)
  • Sonia Zapata Mena (5)
  • Sylvia Smolis (6)
  • Darine Slama (7)
  • Fano José Randrianambinintsoa (8)
  • Matthieu Kaltenbach (10)
  • Jérôme Depaquit (12)
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  • 22 June 2017
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Wikidata Q30543973
DOI: 10.1051/PARASITE/2017020
PubMed publication ID: 28643630
PMC publication ID: 5482051
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Abstract
The genus Culicoides includes vectors of important animal diseases such as bluetongue and Schmallenberg virus (BTV and SBV). This genus includes 1300 species classified in 32 subgenera and 38 unclassified species. However, the phylogenetic relationships between different subgenera of Culicoides have never been studied. Phylogenetic analyses of 42 species belonging to 12 subgenera and 8 ungrouped species of genus Culicoides from Ecuador, France, Gabon, Madagascar and Tunisia were carried out using two molecular markers (28S rDNA D1 and D2 domains and COI mtDNA). Sequences were subjected to non-probabilistic (maximum parsimony) and probabilistic (Bayesian inference (BI)) approaches. The subgenera Monoculicoides, Culicoides, Haematomyidium, Hoffmania, Remmia and Avaritia (including the main vectors of bluetongue disease) were monophyletic, whereas the subgenus Oecacta was paraphyletic. Our study validates the subgenus Remmia (= Schultzei group) as a valid subgenus, outside of the subgenus Oecacta. In Europe, Culicoides obsoletus, Culicoides scoticus and Culicoides chiopterus should be part of the Obsoletus complex whereas Culicoides dewulfi should be excluded from this complex. Our study suggests that the current Culicoides classification needs to be revisited with modern tools.