File:Biwabik Iron-Formation (Paleoproterozoic, ~1.878 Ga; Mountain Iron Mine, Mountain Iron, Minnesota, USA) 1 (23140875569).jpg
Original file (4,000 × 1,513 pixels, file size: 3.3 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionBiwabik Iron-Formation (Paleoproterozoic, ~1.878 Ga; Mountain Iron Mine, Mountain Iron, Minnesota, USA) 1 (23140875569).jpg |
Iron-formation in the Precambrian of Minnesota, USA. Banded iron formations, or BIFs, are unusual, dense, marine sedimentary rocks consisting of alternating layers of iron-rich oxides and iron-rich silicates. Most BIFs are Proterozoic in age, although some are Late Archean. They do not form in today's oceans - they're an example of an “extinct” rock type. Many specific varieties of iron formation are known. The most attractive type is jaspilite, which is a reddish & silvery gray banded rock consisting of hematite, red chert (“jasper”), and specular hematite or magnetite. Most BIFs have been subjected to one or more orogenic (mountain-building) events, resulting in folding and/or metamorphism. BIFs are known from around the world, but some of the most famous & extensive deposits are found in the vicinity of North America’s Lake Superior Basin. Many BIFs have economic concentrations of iron and are mined as iron ores. The inactive, flooded iron mine shown above is the Mountain Iron Mine. The mine targeted iron ore in the Paleoproterozoic-aged Biwabik Iron-Formation. In the distance is an active mining area that includes Minntac's West Pit and East Pit, on the northern side of the town of Mountain Iron. Stratigraphy: Biwabik Iron-Formation, Paleoproterozoic, ~1.878 Ga Locality: Mountain Iron Mine (flooded) in the town of Mountain Iron, Mesabi Iron Range, central St. Louis County, northeastern Minnesota, USA (47° 32' 13.71" North latitude, 92° 37' 25.31" West longitude) |
Date | |
Source | Biwabik Iron-Formation (Paleoproterozoic, ~1.878 Ga; Mountain Iron Mine, Mountain Iron, Minnesota, USA) 1 |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
[edit]- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/23140875569 (archive). It was reviewed on 22 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
22 October 2019
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 05:47, 22 October 2019 | 4,000 × 1,513 (3.3 MB) | Rudolphous (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
---|---|
Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/640 sec (0.0015625) |
F-number | f/3.2 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 08:18, 11 June 2015 |
Lens focal length | 8.295 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
|
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 00:13, 4 December 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 08:18, 11 June 2015 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 9.3125 |
APEX aperture | 3.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.34375 APEX (f/3.19) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Landscape |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 17:13, 3 December 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | A0746877BDF7DDAF227ADF51D332BB92 |