File:Image from page 510 of "On the anatomy of vertebrates (electronic resource)" (1866) (14755593255).jpg

Identifier: b20416039_001 Title: On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] Year: 1866 (1860s) Authors: Owen, Richard, 1804-1892 Subjects: Anatomy, Comparative Vertebrates Fishes Reptiles Mammals Birds Publisher: London : Longmans, Green Contributing Library: Wellcome Library Digitizing Sponsor: Wellcome Library

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Text Appearing Before Image: nd surroundingsoft parts, from the brain, theorgans of special sense and theirorbits or proper cavities, fromthe mouth and pharynx, and,receiving also the whole or partof the i vena3 nutritive from thebranchial arches, unite togetheron each side to form a pair of6 jugular veins, fig. 308, v*, eachof which usually dilates into alarger sinus, and again contractsand resumes the vasiform cha-racter, as it descends to beneaththe parapophyses of the atlasand axis, in order to join thecorresponding trunk of the ver-tebral veins of the body.1 Thisgreat trunk, called i vena cardi-nalis,2 fig. 308, v, commencesat the base of the tail-fin,where it receives blood, and some affirm also lymph, from the pul-sating sac there present in the Eel-tribe. The vein-trunk is 1 In the Lamprey the corresponding jugular trunks lie above the aponeurotic repre-s entatives of the vertebral parapophyses. 2 * La veine cave of Cuvier; but it is not homologous with either the inferior or4 superior vencc cavte of Man.

Text Appearing After Image: Circulation of the blood in the Fish, cclxvi. VOL. I. II H 466 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. double, there being one for each side of the body, and both rightand lefte venae cardinales extend forward, in close contact, alongthe haemal canal in the tail, then through the abdomen, and in bothregions immediately beneath the aorta and vertebral bodies, to nearthe first vertebra, where each trunk diverges and descends to joinits corresponding f vena jugularis, fig. 308, v, forming the shortc precaval vein,1 ib. v, which empties itself in the great auricularsinus between the aponeurotic layers of the pericardial and abdo-minal septum. In the Lamprey the vena cardinal is is single alongthe tail, but it bifurcates on entering the abdomen into two veins,each of which is six times as large as the aorta. The left cardinalvein is larger than the right in the Myxinoids: but the symme-trical disposition of the vertebral venous system is more disturbedin many Osseous Fishes, at the expense of the right si

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