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Title: Bulletin Identifier: bulletin3021910smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image: 764 TLEKEM—TLINGIT [b. a. e. Chinookan village 2 m. below Kainier, on the s. side of Columbia r., Oreg. Lgu'laq.—Boas. Kathlamet Texts, 182, 1901. Tlekem {Lc'q'Eia). A gens of the Walas Kwa'kiutl, a sept of the true Kwakiutl.—Boas in Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1895, 330, 1897. Tlelding. A former Athapascan village on Trinity r., just below the mouth of South fork, Cal. Its inhabitants spoke the language of the Hupa, from whom they differed in no respect except slightly in "religion and in their political rela- tions. Just above this village, which is now deserted, are the pits of many houses marking the site of a settlement which the natives believe to have l)een occupied by the Kihunai before the coming of Indians. The largest pit is pointed out as the location of Yimantuwingyai's house when he was chief of the immortal Kihunai at Tlelding. The Southfork Indians, as they are commonly called, came into violent conflict with military forces in the fifties and were removed to Hupa valley at the establishment of the reservation. Tlie few surviving families now live near their old home. (p. e. g. ) A-hel-tah.—Gibbs in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, ni, 139, 1853. Kailtas.—Powers in Overland Mo., ix, 162,1872. Kel'-ta.—Powers in Cont. N.A.Ethnol., ni,'89, 1877. Khlel'-ta.—Ibid. Leldin.—Goddard, LifeandCultureoftheHupa,7,1903. Ta-hail-la.— McKee in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong., spec, sess., 194, 1853. Ta-hail-ta.—Meyer, Nach dem Sacra- mento, 282, 1855. Tlenedi. The principal social group among the Auk tribe of Alaska. It be- longs to the Raven phratry. Llene'di.—Swanton, field notes, B A. E., 1904. tlenedi,—Krause, Tlinkitlnd., 116, 1885. Tlesko. A Tleskotin village on Chilco- tin r. near its junction with Fraser r., Brit Col.—Morice in Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., sec. ii, 109, map, 1892. Tleskotin (' people of the Splint river'). A division of tlie Tsilkotin Uving in the village of Tlesko (q. v.); pop. 75 in 1892. Tt3s-Koh'-tin.—Morice, Notes on W. Dent>s, 23, 1893. Tletlket {le^Lqct, 'having a great name '). A gens of the Walas Kwakiutl and another of the Tlauitsis. l,e'Lqet.—Boas in Rep. U. S, Nat. Mus. 1895, 330, 1897. Le'Lqete.—Ibid. TIeqeti.—Boas in Peter- manns Mitteil., pt. 5,131, 1887. Tlgunghung {lciaTixah, 'face of the ground' [?]). AHaidatownoftheDjigua- ahl-lanas family, formerly on the n. side of Lyell id., Queen Charlotte ids., Brit. Col.—Swanton, Cont. Haida, 278, 1905. Tlhingus (l/xihas, 'flat slope'). _ A Haida town of tlie Kagials-kegawai family, formerly on Louise id., Queen Charlotte ids., Brit. Col.—Swanton, Cont. Haida, 279, 1905. Tlialil. A former Koynkukhotana vil- lage on Koyukuk r., Alaska; it contained 27 people and 3 houses in 1844. Tlialil-kakat.—Zasoskin quoted by Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 37, 1884. Tliktlaketin {LtqLa^gEtln,'ierry,' 'cross- ing place'). A Ntlakyapamuk village on the E. side of Fraser r., 3 m. below Cisco, Brit. Col.; so named because the Indians were accustomed to cross the river in their canoes here.—Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., II, 169, 1900. Tlikutath [Tri'hifath). A sept of the Opitchesaht, a Nootka tribe.—Boas in 6th Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 32, 1890. Tlingit {ffDigVt, 'people'). The usual name f<ir those peoples constituting the Koluschan linguistic family. They in- habit the islands and coast of n. w. Amer- ica from about lat. 54° 40^ to 60°, or from the moutli of Portland canal on the s. (ex- cept the E. and s. part of Prince of Wales id., occupied by the Kaigani, or Alaskan Haida) to Chilkat on Controller bay, their last permanent settlement, just be- yond which they meet the Eskimo as well as the Ahtena, an Athapascan tribe. Anthropometric investigations seem to indicate that, from a physical point of

Text Appearing After Image: TLINGIT. TAKU TRIBF view, the Tlingit (Koluschan),Tsimshian (Chimmesyan),and Haida (Skittagetan) should be grouped together, and by the similarity of their social organization and languages the Haida and the Tlingit are associated still more closely. Tlingit tradition points to the Tsimshian coast as their original home. In 1741 Chirikoff and Bering reached the Tlingit coast, and during the next half century Russian, Spanish, English, French, and American explorers and traders were fre- quent visitors. In 1799 a fort was built near where Sitka now stands, but in 1802 the Sitka Indians rose, killed part of the inmates, and drove away the remainder. In 1804 Baranoff attacked the natives in their fort, finally driving them out, and then established a post there which grew into Sitka, the capital of Russian America. Russian rule, especially under Baranoff, was of the harshest character (see Rus- sian influence), and there was constant

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