File:Neighbor-Joining tree of Mlabri and others based on allele sharing distance.png

English: Relationships among 446 individuals reconstructed using Neighbor-Joining method on a matrix of allele sharing distances (ASDs). Pairwise ASD was calculated using 55,561 autosomal SNPs. Individuals are shaded by different colors according to their ethnic or linguistic affiliations.

We first studied the clustering relationships among 446 individuals representing 13 populations in Thailand and the CHB (Chinese in Beijing) and JPT (Japanese in Tokyo) from the HapMap project (YRI and CEU samples were not included in this analysis). We used an allele sharing distance (ASD) as the genetic distance between individuals and reconstructed an individual tree using the Neighbor-Joining algorithm. There are several clear clusters on the tree which coincide with individual linguistic or ethnic affiliations, for example, as denoted in Figure, JPT, CHB, Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai, Austro-Asiatic, Htin and Mlabri. Notably, all the Mlabri and Htin individuals cluster together tightly (100 per cent bootstrap) although there is a bifurcation between clusters of Mlabri and Htin, indicating that the Mlabri have a closer relationship with the Htin than any of other populations studied.