File:Platylomaspis using its median dorsal opening (nostril) for the intake of respiratory water when buried in sand.tif

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English: Adaptions of the water intake device in the half burrowing fishes.

A. a modern southern stingray Dasyatis using its spiracle for the intake of respiratory water when buried in sand (photo courtesy by Eugene Kitsios/Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, http://www.kitsios-photography.com); B. the modern Pacific hagfish Eptatretus using its nasopharyngeal duct for the intake of respiratory water when buried in mud; C. the pteraspid heterostracan Doryaspis probably using its dorsal set mouth for the intake of respiratory water when buried in sand; D. the amphiaspid heterostracan Kureykaspis using its adorbital opening for the intake of respiratory water when buried in sand; E, F. the gumuaspid galeaspid Platylomaspis using its median dorsal opening (nostril) for the intake of respiratory water when buried in sand (B–F illustrated Dinghua Yang).

Abbreviations: ad.o, adorbital opening; br.o, common external branchial opening; m, mouth; md.o, median dorsal opening; na.p, nasopharyngeal duct; orb, orbital opening; ro, rostral process; sl.b, serrated lateral brim; spi, spiracle.
Date
Source Gai, Z., Lu, L., Zhao, W., & Zhu, M. (2018). New polybranchiaspiform fishes (Agnatha: Galeaspida) from the Middle Palaeozoic of China and their ecomorphological implications. PLoS One, 13(9), e0202217. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202217
Author A, photo by Eugene Kitsios/Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, http://www.kitsios-photography.com; B–F, illustrated Dinghua Yang; published by Zhikun Gai, Liwu Lu, Wenjin Zhao, Min Zhu
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