File:Roman Coin, Flavian Dupondius-As (Vespasian or Titus). Treasure case no. 2007 T197 no. 22b (disclaimed) (FindID 200450).jpg

English: Report by Richard Abdy, Department of Coins & Medals, The British Museum.

Description of Find

Silver & Copper Alloy Coin Hoard.

2 AE sestertii and 72 AE dupondii / asses to AD 98 BM ref.: 2006 T409 (+ 3 copper-alloy objects and 7 non-hoard coins) (addenda 2007 = BM ref.: 2007 T197)

Discussion

Although it contains a high number illegible or part-legible coins this Flavian aes hoard shows the usual characteristics of D. R. Walker's 'period of sporadic supply' of base metal coinage to Britain in the first century. Claudian copies, Lyon mint bronze AD 64-67 (reign of Nero), AD 71-73 and 77-78 (Vespasian), and Rome mint bronze of AD 86-87 (Domitian). With the original find, the latest accurately datable coin is of 87 (Domitian COS XIII). The 2007 addenda has produced an as of Nerva (TR P and COS illegible), moving the closing date of the hoard to AD 98. (The earliest coin is now an as of Caligula from the 2007 addenda).

Non-hoard coins

The six late Roman coins that were found alongside are probably intrusive to the current case and the five fourth century nummi might even be addenda to the Shorwell I (1932) find (RBCH 1382) with was not reported in detail but was a hoard of 22 fourth century coins including 'four of the Valentinianic dynasty'.

Deposition Returned to finders. Due to the highly corroded condition of the coins only digital images of 2, 3, 7, 11, 17-19 are available at the British Museum.

The Cu-alloy object by Jody Joy Length: 45mm Weight: 9.8g

Description of Object

Hollow conical shaped object. Tapers to a rounded point at one end. There are striations running in straight lines along the object and traces of decoration at the un-tapered end. Discussion: An un-diagnostic copper-alloy object of uncertain date. The surface patina indicates that it is probably ancient. It could have been a component from a composite object, the rest having not survived.

Conclusion

This object is of uncertain date and uncertain type. There are therefore no known precedents to suggest that it was associated with the coin hoard and it is not certain whether the object is contemporary with the hoard. Given the amount of mixing of non-hoard coins with coins from the hoard, the association between this object and the coin hoard is also not definite. Therefore on the balance of probabilities this object was probably not directly associated with the coin hoard and therefore should not be regarded as treasure.

Two copper-alloy objects with the 2007 addenda coins. 1 x undiagnostic lump of corroded copper alloy (12.61g) and 1 x corroded fragment, possibly a button, 0.40g. Association with the coin hoard is uncertain.

Summary

Caligula (AD 37-41) 1 Claudian copies 3 Nero (AD 54-68) 7 Vespasian (AD 69-79) 12 Uncertain Flavian I (AD 69-81) 22 Domitian (AD 81-96) 13 Nerva (AD 96-8) 1 Uncertain emperor 15 Non-hoard coins 7 Total 81

CATALOGUE

all dupondii/asses unless marked (sest.) for sestertius after weight

CALIGULA (1)

No. Obverse Reverse Bust BMC RIC Qty Weight 1. - (head of Caligula l.) - S C (Vesta std. l.) Z 46, 59, or 72 38, 47, or 54 1 6.88*

CLAUDIAN COPIES (3)

No. Obverse Reverse Bust BMC RIC Qty Weight 2. - (head l.) - (Spes adv. l.) Z - - 1 7.63 (sest.)* 3. - (head l.) - (Minerva adv. r.) Z - - 2 3.66, 4.07

NERO (7)

Lyon (2)

No. Obverse Reverse issue Bust BMC RIC Qty Weight 4. NERO CLAVD CAESAR AVG GER P M TR P IMP P P S C // DECVRSIO (Nero & soldier riding r.) 3 A1* 312 436 1 21.64 (sest.) 5. IMP NERO CAESAR AVG[...]P S C (Victory adv. l. holding shield marked SPQR) 4/5 A1+l ? 542 etc 1 8.41

uncertain - Lyon or Rome (5)

No. Obverse Reverse issue Bust BMC RIC Qty Weight 6. - (rad, head of Nero, l.) S C ... (illegible figure) ? A1l ? ? 1 13.27 7. - (head of Nero, right) (Victory with shield type) ? Z ? ? 3 6.48, 6.69, 7.13 8. - (head of Nero) - (illegible) ? Z ? ? 1 6.65

REIGN OF VESPASIAN (12)

Lyon (12)

No. Obverse Reverse Bust BMC RIC Qty Weight 9. Illegible but rad. hd. of Vespasian, r. [PAX AVG] S C (Pax stg. l., at altar and holding patera and caduceus) A1 Cf. 805B, 816 1 9.02* 10. ...VE]SPASIANVS[... rad. hd. of Vespasian, r. S C (Victory adv. l., holding shield) A1 Cf.806, 818A‡ 1 8.13* 11. Illegible but laur. hd. of Vespasian, r. SECVRITAS [AVGVSTI] // S C (Securitas reclining r.) A1* Cf. 811A etc. 1 7.21* 12. Illegible but laur. hd. of Vespasian, r. S C (eagle on globe) A1* Cf.811, 822, 848 2 7.21*, 6.89* 13. [IMP CAES VE]SPASIAN AVG COS IIII S C (eagle on globe) A1* 822 747 1 7.05* 14. [IMP CAE]S VESPASIAN AVG COS [IIII] S C (eagle on globe) A1* 822 747 1 7.81 15. [IMP CAES VESP]ASIAN [AVG COS ?III or VIII P P] [AEQ]VITAS [AVGVSTI] S C (Aequitas stg. l.) A1* cf.842 cf.758 1 7.02 16. [IMP CAES VESP]ASIAN [AVG COS ?III or VIII P P] [VI]CTORI[A AVGVSTI] S C (Victory adv. l.) A1* cf.851 cf.766 1 6.64 17. [IMP CAES VESPA]SIAN [AVG COS ?III or VIII P P] (laur. hd. of Vespasian, Lyon style) illegible figure (?Fortuna) A1* ? ? 1 7.72 18. [CAESAR AVG F DOMITIANVS AVG COS V] S C (Spes adv. l.) A1* cf.873 cf.791 2 5.88, 3.80*

UNCERTAIN FLAVIAN I (VESPASIAN OR TITUS) (22)

uncertain - Lyon or Rome (22)

No. Obverse Reverse Bust BMC RIC Qty Weight 19. - (illegible) - illegible (Securitas std., r.) Z ? ? 3 6.30, 6.47, 6.48 20. - (illegible) - illegible (altar) Z ? ? 1 4.60 21. - (illegible) S C (eagle on globe) Z ? ? 5 5.72, 5.84, 6.50, 7.21, 7.93 22. - (illegible) - illegible figs. Z ? ? 6 5.59, 6.44, 7.32, 7.32, 5.22*, 6.77* 23. - (illegible) - illegible Z ? ? 7 4.27, 7.88, 4.72*, 5.39*, 5.41*, 6.49*, 6.91*

DOMITIAN (13)

Rome (13)

No. Obverse Reverse Bust BMC RIC Qty Weight 24. [IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM CO]S XII CE[NS PER P P] [MONETA] AVGVSTI S C (Moneta stg. l.) A1* 389 335 1 7.62 25. IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XII[.. .] PER P P [MONETA] AVGVSTI S C (Moneta stg. l.) A1* 389etc 335etc 1 7.34 26. IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XIII CENS PER [P P] [FORTVN]A AVGVS[TI] S C (Fortuna stg. l.) A1* (aegis) cf.401 353a 1 8.47 27. illegible (radiate head of Domitian, r.) illegible (Virtus stg. r.) A1 ? ? 1 6.99 28. illegible (laur. head of Domitian, r.) illegible (Virtus stg. r.) A1* ? ? 2 6.14, 8.67 29. illegible (laur. head of Domitian, r.) illegible (Moneta stg. l.) A1* ? ? 3 5.12, 8.06, 8.77 30. illegible (laur. head of Domitian, r.) illegible Z ? ? 4 6.54, 7.55, 8.03, 5.05*

UNCERTAIN EMPEROR (15)

No. Obverse Reverse Bust BMC RIC Qty Weight 31. - (illegible) - illegible Z ? ? 15 3.11, 3.27, 3.40, 5.27, 5.63, 5.85, 6.00, 6.27, 6.88, 7.90, 1.89*, 4.08*, 4.10*, 5.42*, 6.30*

NERVA (1)

Rome (1)

No. Obverse Reverse Bust BMC RIC Qty Weight 32. Illegible but laur. hd. of Nerva, r. [LIBERTAS PVBLICA] S C (Libertas stg. l.) A1* Cf. p.17* etc Cf. 64 etc 1 4.77*

NON-HOARD COINS (7)

late Roman (6)

No. Obverse Reverse Bust denom. RIC Qty Weight 33. - (illegible rad. hd. r.) - illegible fig. Z radiate (barbarous) - 1 0.99* 34. - (illegible) - illegible Z radiate or nummus ? 1 1.96 35. - (illegible Magnentius or Decentius emperor) illegible (Christogram) Z nummus ? 1 3.03* 36. - (illegible Valentinianic emperor) illegible (Securitas Reipublicae type) Z nummus ? 3 1.00, 1.28, 1.52

modern (1)

No. Obverse Reverse Bust denom. ref. Qty Weight 37. - (illegible), 'C' countermark - illegible 'C' countermark Z farthing or halfpenny ? 1 6.35