Template:Accessory bones of the wrist - references

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References
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Os centrale:

  • Location and shape:
    • Madeira G, Napoli A, Moline T, Martin E, Oria S, Bruno C. (2013-09-26). "Osteonecrosis of the os centrale carpi". Euro Rad. DOI:10.1594/EURORAD/CASE.10881.
  • Prevalence: 0.3% to 1.6%.:
  • Prevalence: 1.3% (right wrist) and 2.1% (left wrist):
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os vesalianum:

Os radiale externum

  • Location and shape:
  • 1% on right hand, 0.9% on left:
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os epitrapezium

Os epilunatum

  • Location and shape:
  • 0.3% on the right hand, 0.3% on the left
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os hypolunatum

  • Location and shape
    • Roche Lexikon, see list bottom.
  • 0.3% on the left
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os hypotriquetrum

  • Location and shape:
    • (2008). "Anatomical variation of co-existence of 4th and 5th short metacarpal bones, sesamoid ossicles and exostoses of ulna and radius in the same hand: a case report". Cases Journal 1 (1): 281. DOI:10.1186/1757-1626-1-281. ISSN 1757-1626.
  • 0.5%
    • Tzaveas et al. (same as for location and shape).
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os triangulare

  • 1% on the right hand, 0.9% on the left.
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
  • Location and shape:

Os ulnostyloideum

  • Location and shape:
  • 1.5% on the right hand, 2.4% on the left.
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Trapezium secundarium:

Os styloideum

  • 1.2% on the right hand, 1.2% on the left.**

Natsis et al., see list bottom.

  • Location and shape:

Capitatum secundarium

  • 0.8% on the right hand, 0.3% on the left
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
  • Location and shapeRoche Lexikon, see list bottom.

Paratrapezium

  • 0.3% on the right hand, 0.9% on the left
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
  • Location and shape:

Os ulnare externum

Pisiforme secundarium

  • 0.3% on the right hand
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
  • Location and shape
    • Roche Lexikon, see list bottom.

Epitrapezium

  • 0.3% on the left
    • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
  • Location and shape
    • Roche Lexikon, see list bottom.

Natsis et al.:

Roche Lexikon:


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Foot, dorsoplantar Foot, lateral Ankle Wrist Fingers
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