Hausa subtitles for clip: File:Ikusgela – Platon.webm

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Kwalejin

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Sunan da muke ba wa makarantun
sakandare ko manyan makarantu ke nan.

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Kwalejin kuma ra'ayi ne
da aka kafa a wani fanni.

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Amma sunan ya ɗan tsufa,

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An kirkiro shi kimanin
shekaru 2400 da suka wuce.

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Sunan da masanin falsafa
Plato ya ba makarantarsa,

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Don girmama jarumin
tatsuniya Academus.

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Sunan da ya sanyawa
makarantarsa ​​ya sauko mana.

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Amma kuma da ra'ayoyin da
yawa da Plato ya haɓaka a can.

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An haifi Plato a Athens
a shekara ta 427 BC.

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Ya sami Ilimin da
ya dace da mai arziki

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Dan uwa a cikin
wayewar Girka ta ci gaba.

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Yana da shekaru 20,
ya sadu da Socrates.

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Kuma ya yi mamaki, ya yanke
shawarar cewa zai zama dalibinsa.

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Daga nan, ya sadaukar da kansa
ga nazarin falsafa da gaskiya.

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Plato ya kasance mai mahimmanci
tare da ra'ayin dimokuradiyya

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Har ila yau, tare da manyan masu
kirkiro ra'ayi na lokacin da scophists.

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'Yan scophists sun
mamaye fasahar bakance.

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A cikin wayewar Girka ta raguwa.

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Sun yi iƙirarin cewa
komai na dangi ne.

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Plato, akasin haka, ya yi bincike don
gaskiyar da za ta kawo tsari daga hargitsi,

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Har ila yau, tabbataccen
sigar mai kyau.

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Yana da shekaru 40, ya buɗe
makarantarsa ​​mai suna Academy a Athens.

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A cikinta ya ilmantar da wadanda ya
kamata su zama ’yan siyasa da mulki.

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Ya kasance farfesa a
falsafar Aristotle, da sauransu.

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Socrates yayi amfani da tattaunawa
tare da ra'ayi guda biyu masu adawa,

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Da ake kira yare,
don haɓaka ra'ayoyi,

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Kuma Plato shima yayi amfani
da kansa wannan dabarar.

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Bugu da ƙari:

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Plato ya rubuta rubutunsa tare da
Socrates a matsayin hali a cikin su.

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Za a iya taƙaita ra'ayin da ya ɓullo da a
cikin mataninsa cikin manyan ra'ayoyi huɗu:

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1 - Ontological dualism.

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Duniyar hankali
vs duniyar tunani.

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Plato ya kare ra'ayi biyu,
kuma ya raba duniya gida biyu.

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Duniyar hankali ita ce wacce
ake iya gane ta ta hanyar hankali.

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Ya ƙunshi abubuwa na zahiri,
da zaɓinmu da imaninmu.

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Abubuwan da suka haifar da
canjin duniya, suna cikin motsi

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Kuma, saboda haka, abin da za mu iya
tabbatarwa game da waɗannan abubuwa

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Ba zai taɓa zama
gaskiya ta ƙarshe ba.

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Plato bai musanta cewa
akwai duniyar hankali ba;

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Abin da yake
da'awar shi ne, daidai.

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Domin wannan duniyar tana
canzawa kuma ba ta cika ba.

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Ba zai iya zama gaskiya ba.

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Mai adawa da duniyar
hankali shine duniyar ra'ayoyin.

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Mun kai ga sanin duniya, duniyar
gaskiya, ta hanyar hankali da hankali,

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Ba ta hanyar abubuwan da suka
mamaye ba da sarari da lokaci ba.

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Ra'ayoyi cikakke ne, marasa
canzawa kuma masu dagewa.

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Ana iya bayyana wannan
tare da misali mai sauƙi:

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Idan muka yi nazarin wani
takamaiman doki ta hanyar hankali.

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Zai canza koyaushe.

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Zai tsufa ya mutu a ƙarshe, ko
kuma zai canza halinsa da yanayinsa.

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Tunanin doki duk da haka ya
kasance da cikakkiyar gaskiya.

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Tunanin doki baya
tsufa, baya canzawa.

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Yana da halaye waɗanda ba za su iya
canzawa ba kuma ba za su iya jurewa ba.

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2- Epistemological dualism:

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Ra'ayi vs ilimi.

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Plato ya raba ilimi gida biyu,
kamar yadda yake yi da duniya.

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Ya ba da shawara iri biyu:

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Na farko,

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Tsaftace ra'ayi ko doxa.

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Ana samun wannan ta
hankali ko ta hanyar al'adarmu.

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Dayan daya

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Episteme ne ko ilimi na gaske.

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Shi ne abin da ake
samu ta hanyar hankali.

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Aikin Falsafa shi ne a yi
ƙoƙarin samun ainihin ilimin.

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3- Yare da misalin kogo.

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Yare shine hanyar da Plato
ya tsara kuma yayi amfani dashi

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Domin samun kusanci da ilimi.

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Ya dogara ne akan jerin
tambayoyi da amsoshi ko yare.

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Dole ne a bincika kuma
a gwada ra'ayi da imani,

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Don ganin ko sun sami barata.

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Lokacin da muka yi haka, an
kawar da ra'ayi maras tushe.

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Sannan za mu yi aiki da
ra'ayoyin da suka ci jarrabawar,

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Sannu a hankali tattara ingantattun
ra'ayoyi da kusantar gaskiya.

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Bi wannan hanya, za mu
yi ƙoƙari mu san mai kyau.

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Platon yana amfani da misalin kogon
don ƙoƙarin bayyana wannan tsari.

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Yana tunanin wasu mutane
da aka daure a cikin kogo.

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Bayansu akwai wuta, kuma
waɗannan mutane ba su ƙara gani ba

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Sai inuwar da
waccan wuta ta haifar.

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Kogon abin misali ne game da
garuruwanmu da al'ummarmu,

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Kuma waɗannan
mutane ni da ku ne.

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Wadancan inuwar, a nasu bangaren, su
ne abin da muke fahimta da hankulanmu:

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Sauƙaƙan ra'ayi,

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Saboda haka, ba gaskiya ba ne.

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Idan wani kogo zai balle.

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Suna iya yanke shawarar guduwa.

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Amma fita daga cikin kogon ba
abu ne mai sauki ba ko kadan.

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Tunda idon ɗan adam bai
saba da hasken waje ba.

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Shi ya sa hanyar za ta
kasance mai gajiya da wahala.

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Wannan, a cewar
Plato, hanyar ilimi.

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Na farko, dole ne mutum ya 'yantar
da kansa, ya rabu da ra'ayi kawai.

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Sa'an nan kuma tafiya
mai tsawo da rikitarwa

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Hanyar fita daga
kogon ta hanyar yare.

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Ta haka ne kawai mutum zai
iya sanin ra'ayin kuma ya yi adalci.

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4- Dualism
Anthropological: jiki da ruhi

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Plato kuma ya raba
dan Adam gida biyu:

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Jiki da ruhi.

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Rai madawwami ne
kuma marar mutuwa.

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Jiki kuwa, ya mutu.

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Kurkuku da kabari na rai.

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A cewar Plato.

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Rai yana wanzuwa
tun kafin haihuwa,

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Kuma zai iya sake
shiga jiki bayan mutuwa.

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Jiki ne kawai aka
haifa da ra'ayoyi.

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Idan ya gane sassa
uku ko ayyuka ga ruhi.

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Na farko, kuna da aikin ma'ana:

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Yana wakiltar mafi
girman ƙarfin ɗan adam.

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Asalinsa shine
ikon tunani da sani.

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Na biyu shi ne aikin m.

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Halayensa shine fuskantar
abubuwa marasa kyau

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Kuma yana da ƙarfin
hali don kare masu kyau.

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Na uku, na karshe,

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Shin aikin concupescent.

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Halayensa su ne jin daɗi,
zafi, ko ilhami na rayuwa,

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Kuma ji sha'awar kayan abu.

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Dangane da nauyin da kowane
ɗayan waɗannan ayyuka yake da shi

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Kowane ɗan adam zai
kasance hanya ɗaya ko wata.

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A cewar Plato.

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Yin aiki da kyau
shine aiki da ilimi.

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Aikin hankali shine wanda
yakamata yayi nasara

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A ƙarshen rana, idan muna so mu
kai ga gaskiya kuma mu yi aiki da kyau.

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Saboda haka, waɗanda suke so su yi mulki
dole ne su kasance da irin wannan hali.

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Waɗannan su ne a taƙaice,
ginshiƙan tunanin masanin falsafa Plato.

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Shekaru 2400 sun shude tun lokacin
da aka rubuta waɗannan ra'ayoyin.

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Har yanzu mun bar kogon?

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Ko kuwa har yanzu
muna kallon inuwar bango?