English subtitles for clip: File:Red je het klimaat door bomen te kappen.webm

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save the climate by cutting down trees

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from a local café in Antwerp this is

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the university of flanders

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[Music]

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trees and forests are important in dom

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for us people are important for the

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fauna and flora

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to filter our air to filter our water

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to purify to provide us with that

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beautiful renewable raw material

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de-stress in that forest, but what do they do?

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with so climate those trees are in that

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forest and also able to the

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slow down climate change and then

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also our hand go today when we trees

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cut

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is that still the case, they fulfill

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then the climate role is still good

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That's what we're talking about, we're talking about a difficult one

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question and actually the answer exists

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have two large parts of trees

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a cooling effect on the climate and them

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do that in a direct way

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and also in an indirect way. We will

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have a look at that direct one

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Working trees can keep the climate cool

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in a direct way through water

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evaporate and you have all those leaves

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the trees have stomata

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trees pump water from the ground and that

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water evaporates through those stomata and

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to evaporate water from the course

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physics do you remember there

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heat of evaporation is needed and those beans

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will extract it from the environment

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and therefore the environment can cool down to

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5 degrees Celsius that is the reason

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why you if there is a heat wave you go

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to the forest for refreshing

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to get a feeling and trees do that

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more efficient than other plants because they

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have several layers of leaves above

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each other and then roots also go deeper

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the ground so they can get more water

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environment

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so trees cool more than other plants

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and large trees

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also go more cool and than small trees

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because

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large trees have more layers of leaves

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of small trees and the roots reach up

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deeper, therefore, around our cities

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We must keep it climate-friendly

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can plant more trees in the future and

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we especially need the big fat tree

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to hold

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so not like some

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city authorities do this for every road network

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who cut down all the trees again and again

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start with new bulbs should be in those

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old trees as best as possible

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retain

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Now I already see people on a chair

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just shuffling hay

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trees can also sometimes warm up

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and very specific indeed

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conditions can also warm trees

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especially in regions of the world

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where there is a lot of snow like it

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far north and in the mountains there

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we find conifers and they have a

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very dark color and that's it

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sunlight less

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then reflect the snow

and so there is

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more sunlight more heat entering the

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atmosphere remains and so can trees

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have a warm effect

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but that is only in the snow rich

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areas and climate change

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those snow districts become areas each

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years smaller so that effect is not so

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big

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so if we just summarize it directly

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effect of trees on cooling in the tropics

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and in our regions there is very clear

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strong effect of a cooling effect

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living on the climate

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now let us have a lord over the

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indirect effect

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this is done via photosynthesis

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most of you have never learned

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what photosynthesis is it is the process

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whereby

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trees and other green plants through the

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chlorophyll effect and the green leaves

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they absorb CO2 from the atmosphere

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and they will convert that into sugars and

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they also release oxygen now dead

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nice if they absorb CO2 from the atmosphere

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they will have a cooling effect

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because CO2 is a greenhouse gas and that

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contributes to climate change

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so through photosynthesis CO2 is taken from the

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atmosphere

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and a cooling effect occurs

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reaction opposite that of respiration

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this is called upside

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you see the arrow reverse and and nature

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CO2 and water are therefore also exempt

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so that sugar an starch

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and so on can be broken off with

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combustion in the presence of oxygen

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and this releases energy

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so that reverse reaction of respiration

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is also possible

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and that we know that happens to living trees

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just went ahead

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the wood and breathing as we do too

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also soil organisms that feed on the leaves

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the trees and the main trunk and a forest

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are missing

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you also have to breathe it all

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that also knows that warm and effect on and

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also in case of forest fire

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We call that no there is one

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respiration but just combustion and

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that CO2 goes back into the atmosphere

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grass oh modo

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in well-growing healthy forests

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there is more photosynthesis

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then respiration so in general we will

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have a cooling effect now then we must

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still understand why

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trees and will have a cooling effect and

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other plants such as for example

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sugar beets do not and that is because

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trees do not die every year

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and will not release CO2 into the air every year

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they are going to build up the CO2 and wood and

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accumulate over many many years

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and therefore keep the CO2 for decades

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out of the atmosphere

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so that's the difference and only trees

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do that among the plants so it

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cooling effect on your direct way he

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not only has to do with the

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speed of growth of the plants

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also the extent to which they are in a wood and

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also in the quarrels of the woods

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can accumulate a lot of carbon

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to better understand that we can compare a forest

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to a tank or a reservoir

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and this is full of carbon

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by absorbing CO2

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then forest channel and forest expansion

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that tank can also empty again by

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degradation and through deforestation

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so the intention is that we will make the tank

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as big as possible and make the tank

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as full as possible

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so that's quite the challenge that we have now

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to have

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now and that is what we stand for

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the best forest is therefore a whole forest

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big is that well-growing healthy one

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has trees and it is only full

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walking but the key question today was what

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what happens now when we go into that forest

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cutting and we can understand that by

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to watch a second video

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and that second video shows that if we

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save on adding a second pair of pliers

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because if we cut it, the tank will run out

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the forest a bit empty but the opposite

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the stench took over again and

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we will make a bench through the wood harvest

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van gets products

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and as you know in buildings those beams

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they can last a very long time

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and so we also remove the carbon

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the forest comes pond

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absorb and not release of course

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if we use furniture after 100 years

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or beams that will burn then comes

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that CO2 also back in the atmosphere and is the

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cycle around so the intention is to that

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two reservoirs that of the forest and that

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of the wood

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that is to keep it as full as possible

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is it possible to fill both of them

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to hold

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There is the example of Germany

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speaking

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Germany is a country that is on one

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has the most carbon in its forests

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has from all European countries and others

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on the side that measures the most holds

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We can also cut and harvest and deforest

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explain that

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well it all has to do with

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sustainable harvest

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if you manage not to cut more

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then there grows backt then your

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reservoir in your forest stays full and you can still

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also at the same time fill your reservoirs of your

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wood products to flood

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so the trick here is to deal with sustainability

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harvest

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hal products and then harvest them whole

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to keep for a long time

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now even if we burned the wood and the

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CO2 comes back into the atmosphere like then

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there can still be a positive effect on it

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climate occur and that is due to the

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substitution of fossil fuels

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If we have a wood stove then we go

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perhaps less gas or oil or

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consume coal and off we go

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avoid the carbon that builds up during

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has been in the soil for millions of years

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stored

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so those were primitive plants that

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millions of years ago

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did photosynthesis and those who used petroleum

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have built up a low level, so that CO2

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we return to the atmosphere

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but if we use those fossil fuels

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going to replace with holds here we go

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so avoid that CO2 from that

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fossils and the atmosphere comes we go

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replace it with holds that only last

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neutral cycle is now that's all

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the theory

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Now let's go to practice

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what can we humans what can our

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politicians what our countries can do

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going to do

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to put this into practice and there

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are actually three major actions where we

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being able to do something is the first

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forest conservation

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the second is forest expansion and forest

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recovery and the third is good management

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of our hall products

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So the first is forest conservation in the climate

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Paris treaty saves money

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mechanics agreed

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it is a financial mechanism whereby

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poorer countries that have a lot of forests but

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also financially supported many deforestations

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be caused by that deforestation

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to bring down for example

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to help farmers to intensive

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to go to do agriculture in such a way that

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less land is needed to grow

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deforestation

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That's a nice idea, but there is still one

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far too little money in that fund and

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countries such as Belgium, Flanders

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still contribute far too little and those

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fight for forest conservation in the tropics

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countries such as the Netherlands and Norway do

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that's much better so that's a first

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good approach, but we as consumers

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we can also do a lot

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for example, being able to eat less meat

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because our flesh

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even if it is produced locally in

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Belgium consumes a lot of its animal feed

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use soy-based

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that soy comes from Brazil, for example

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where people have deforested to produce soy

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grow

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so less meat means less soy

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and less deforestation whatever we can

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do is buy food products cookie

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so to speak

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with palm oil on which it says so

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rainforest alliance is not guaranteed

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from recent deforestation will continue

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chocolate coffee you name it

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and they can do all that themselves

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00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:17,730
now to the forest fires that occur annually

284
00:10:17,730 --> 00:10:20,310
increasing in Indonesia and then Mon zone

285
00:10:20,310 --> 00:10:21,360
Brazil

286
00:10:21,360 --> 00:10:22,709
we see that it is not that simple

287
00:10:22,709 --> 00:10:24,800
because there are strong forces and interests

288
00:10:24,800 --> 00:10:28,620
mining intensive agriculture that in

289
00:10:28,620 --> 00:10:30,390
in fact I would rather see the forest disappear

290
00:10:30,390 --> 00:10:33,089
so it takes a lot of political courage

291
00:10:33,089 --> 00:10:34,470
to do something about that too

292
00:10:34,470 --> 00:10:36,959
but also here with us in Flanders

293
00:10:36,959 --> 00:10:38,279
Flanders is still more

294
00:10:38,279 --> 00:10:40,380
deforestation beyond the forest

295
00:10:40,380 --> 00:10:42,870
so yes, it comes down to all of us

296
00:10:42,870 --> 00:10:44,910
solutions that also happen

297
00:10:44,910 --> 00:10:46,709
effectively compensate and even reduce

298
00:10:46,709 --> 00:10:49,250
This is not yet the case in Flanders

299
00:10:49,250 --> 00:10:50,360
the second action point is the

300
00:10:50,360 --> 00:10:52,010
forest expansion

301
00:10:52,010 --> 00:10:54,740
there is enormous potential for forest restoration

302
00:10:54,740 --> 00:10:56,329
to restore my forest

303
00:10:56,329 --> 00:10:57,680
the read shop has that recently

304
00:10:57,680 --> 00:11:00,290
proven by half a day in one day

305
00:11:00,290 --> 00:11:02,570
billion trees to plant

306
00:11:02,570 --> 00:11:04,160
There would also be some things in Belgium

307
00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:06,230
can start doing what we as

308
00:11:06,230 --> 00:11:08,360
could be done by consumers

309
00:11:08,360 --> 00:11:11,089
that is when we take a plane trip or

310
00:11:11,089 --> 00:11:13,399
even our daily use of the car

311
00:11:13,399 --> 00:11:14,720
we could compensate for that

312
00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:16,760
that emits CO2

313
00:11:16,760 --> 00:11:19,790
there are very nice organizations that

314
00:11:19,790 --> 00:11:21,949
plant trees and south to CO2

315
00:11:21,949 --> 00:11:24,380
capture in a cost-efficient manner

316
00:11:24,380 --> 00:11:26,630
and this may not be that expensive

317
00:11:26,630 --> 00:11:29,029
maybe 5 or 10% extra on that one

318
00:11:29,029 --> 00:11:31,850
costs we incur in Flanders

319
00:11:31,850 --> 00:11:33,589
we are thinking of forest expansion

320
00:11:33,589 --> 00:11:35,180
ten thousand hectares

321
00:11:35,180 --> 00:11:37,790
by 2030 and fifty thousand hectares

322
00:11:37,790 --> 00:11:39,920
by 2050

323
00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:41,269
So if you say that to me, that's quite something

324
00:11:41,269 --> 00:11:44,449
a lot but if you think or know that

325
00:11:44,449 --> 00:11:46,339
6000 hectares of agricultural land every year

326
00:11:46,339 --> 00:11:48,470
is lost to buildings and

327
00:11:48,470 --> 00:11:50,810
expansion of roads and industry

328
00:11:50,810 --> 00:11:52,250
then you can understand that it is not so

329
00:11:52,250 --> 00:11:54,079
it's hard to get 10,000 or fifty thousand

330
00:11:54,079 --> 00:11:57,769
hectares of forest to make there is a recent one

331
00:11:57,769 --> 00:12:02,570
study in science of food go and sour

332
00:12:02,570 --> 00:12:04,130
and they have calculated how much land there is

333
00:12:04,130 --> 00:12:05,839
in the world is available to new

334
00:12:05,839 --> 00:12:07,130
to create forest

335
00:12:07,130 --> 00:12:09,380
those are the green or dark ones

336
00:12:09,380 --> 00:12:11,149
dark green part

337
00:12:11,149 --> 00:12:12,980
that you see on the world map

338
00:12:12,980 --> 00:12:14,649
so places where trees can grow

339
00:12:14,649 --> 00:12:17,540
where there is no intensive agriculture

340
00:12:17,540 --> 00:12:19,940
also no cities etc. are present

341
00:12:19,940 --> 00:12:22,640
where there is supposedly fallow land

342
00:12:22,640 --> 00:12:25,070
can be forested now that's a nice one

343
00:12:25,070 --> 00:12:26,899
theoretical exercise is about an almost

344
00:12:26,899 --> 00:12:29,120
a billion hectares is huge but it

345
00:12:29,120 --> 00:12:31,100
remains theoretical because everyone who has

346
00:12:31,100 --> 00:12:32,990
forest expansion is underway in practice

347
00:12:32,990 --> 00:12:35,390
know how difficult it is to do that in the

348
00:12:35,390 --> 00:12:37,310
practice to realize we are

349
00:12:37,310 --> 00:12:39,050
for example, with research, all twenty

350
00:12:39,050 --> 00:12:41,060
spent years in Ethiopia helping people

351
00:12:41,060 --> 00:12:43,490
help to realize the forest edge

352
00:12:43,490 --> 00:12:45,949
here you can see such a tightly degraded

353
00:12:45,949 --> 00:12:48,290
terrain that appears at first glance

354
00:12:48,290 --> 00:12:49,670
nothing has been used but if you look closely

355
00:12:49,670 --> 00:12:51,860
he you see the animals so the shepherds

356
00:12:51,860 --> 00:12:53,870
locally they do need that land

357
00:12:53,870 --> 00:12:55,069
to survive

358
00:12:55,069 --> 00:12:57,649
where our idea here in ethiopia is we

359
00:12:57,649 --> 00:13:00,700
will close off areas for afforestation

360
00:13:00,700 --> 00:13:02,770
the animals are no longer allowed in, but the

361
00:13:02,770 --> 00:13:05,080
Farmers are still allowed to mow lawns

362
00:13:05,080 --> 00:13:07,060
to then feed them through the stable

363
00:13:07,060 --> 00:13:08,710
feeding animals and that way

364
00:13:08,710 --> 00:13:10,630
we create a win-win

365
00:13:10,630 --> 00:13:12,310
gestures the local community and behind

366
00:13:12,310 --> 00:13:14,260
stand because believe me

367
00:13:14,260 --> 00:13:17,650
plant trees without affecting the local

368
00:13:17,650 --> 00:13:20,110
community behind ubee are the trees

369
00:13:20,110 --> 00:13:23,230
won't survive long

370
00:13:23,230 --> 00:13:26,680
well then let us go to the third action

371
00:13:26,680 --> 00:13:28,750
possibility and that is that of wood

372
00:13:28,750 --> 00:13:31,090
use we have seen that as we

373
00:13:31,090 --> 00:13:33,190
felling trees in a sustainable way and

374
00:13:33,190 --> 00:13:35,110
that gets going into longevity

375
00:13:35,110 --> 00:13:36,070
Products

376
00:13:36,070 --> 00:13:37,690
that also contribute positively

377
00:13:37,690 --> 00:13:39,610
way to the cooling so what we would

378
00:13:39,610 --> 00:13:41,260
what we can do is build our houses

379
00:13:41,260 --> 00:13:42,400
contents

380
00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:45,720
already 8% of Flemish housing construction

381
00:13:45,720 --> 00:13:48,640
timber frame construction and that figure can and must be achieved

382
00:13:48,640 --> 00:13:50,410
still increasing very sharply

383
00:13:50,410 --> 00:13:52,420
at this point she is even familiar with it

384
00:13:52,420 --> 00:13:55,000
the world to climb the tallest buildings

385
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:55,930
to build

386
00:13:55,930 --> 00:13:58,240
content the highest are now in norway

387
00:13:58,240 --> 00:14:02,410
and Austria 18 floors in wood

388
00:14:02,410 --> 00:14:03,340
built

389
00:14:03,340 --> 00:14:05,500
there are plans for London and Vancouver

390
00:14:05,500 --> 00:14:07,300
to go to a 40-storey building

391
00:14:07,300 --> 00:14:09,850
and keep built and there goes of course

392
00:14:09,850 --> 00:14:11,140
it lasts for hundreds of years

393
00:14:11,140 --> 00:14:14,140
be stored whatever we can

394
00:14:14,140 --> 00:14:16,600
to do that is to use wood and cascade

395
00:14:16,600 --> 00:14:19,840
use cascade means that we do so

396
00:14:19,840 --> 00:14:21,910
recycle and paper as much as possible

397
00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:23,290
for example, can be recycled 6 times

398
00:14:23,290 --> 00:14:25,870
We can also use wood and beams

399
00:14:25,870 --> 00:14:28,690
recycle into the chipboards

400
00:14:28,690 --> 00:14:30,310
or another beam of

401
00:14:30,310 --> 00:14:31,960
smaller dimensions there are many

402
00:14:31,960 --> 00:14:33,730
possibilities in that regard

403
00:14:33,730 --> 00:14:38,230
cascade use means nothing for energy

404
00:14:38,230 --> 00:14:40,080
wrong, we have seen that

405
00:14:40,080 --> 00:14:43,120
but that has its limitations

406
00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:44,470
never all fossil fuels

407
00:14:44,470 --> 00:14:46,060
replace with likes there is just too

408
00:14:46,060 --> 00:14:48,070
had little but what was also would

409
00:14:48,070 --> 00:14:51,820
can do that is petrochemicals

410
00:14:51,820 --> 00:14:53,500
In Antwerp the petrochemical industry is intact

411
00:14:53,500 --> 00:14:55,150
important for making plastic

412
00:14:55,150 --> 00:14:57,640
are pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals

413
00:14:57,640 --> 00:14:59,890
all of that could have been done with

414
00:14:59,890 --> 00:15:01,630
and we don't have that much there

415
00:15:01,630 --> 00:15:02,950
money needed

416
00:15:02,950 --> 00:15:04,450
what we sustainable and western europe

417
00:15:04,450 --> 00:15:06,520
producing is more than enough to last

418
00:15:06,520 --> 00:15:08,880
many complete petrochemicals from Antwerp

419
00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:10,530
with sustainably produced wood

420
00:15:10,530 --> 00:15:12,990
production that we will now summarize

421
00:15:12,990 --> 00:15:16,100
what we have learned

422
00:15:16,290 --> 00:15:17,640
forests have very strong cooling

423
00:15:17,640 --> 00:15:18,480
operation

424
00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:20,160
they are very cost efficient to do that

425
00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:22,680
do and we really need them to

426
00:15:22,680 --> 00:15:24,360
to remain within 2 degrees Celsius

427
00:15:24,360 --> 00:15:26,820
with climate change on our

428
00:15:26,820 --> 00:15:28,890
application of today you will make it

429
00:15:28,890 --> 00:15:30,570
climate by cutting down trees

430
00:15:30,570 --> 00:15:32,700
So we can answer positively

431
00:15:32,700 --> 00:15:34,560
under the strict conditions that it

432
00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:36,180
wood comes from sustainably managed forests

433
00:15:36,180 --> 00:15:39,630
and that it is useable and sustainable

434
00:15:39,630 --> 00:15:42,600
applications that last a long time and that last

435
00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:44,190
the end also has an energy

436
00:15:44,190 --> 00:15:46,480
I have recovery, thank you

437
00:15:46,480 --> 00:15:47,500
[Applause]

438
00:15:47,500 --> 00:15:47,860
[Music]

439
00:15:47,860 -->00:15:50,970
[Applause]

440
00:15:51,100 --> 00:15:53,340
[Music]

441
00:15:53,340 --> 00:16:00,259
[Applause]