Fagus sylvatica

APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: angiosperms • Cladus: eudicots • Cladus: core eudicots • Cladus: superrosids • Cladus: rosids • Cladus: eurosids I • Ordo: Fagales • Familia: Fagaceae • Genus: Fagus • Species: Fagus sylvatica L. (1753)

Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Fagus sylvatica']

English: European Beech, European beech, european beech, common beech
Alemannisch: Rotbuche
aragonés: Fabo
العربية: زان أوروبي
مصرى: زان اوروبى
asturianu: faya
azərbaycanca: Meşə fıstığı
تۆرکجه: مئشه فیستیغی
Boarisch: Buacha
беларуская: Бук лясны
беларуская (тарашкевіца): Бук лясны
български: Обикновен бук
brezhoneg: Faou
català: Faig
corsu: Faiu
čeština: buk lesní
kaszëbsczi: Bùk
Cymraeg: Ffawydden ffawydd
dansk: Almindelig Bøg
Deutsch: Gewöhnliche Buche, Rotbuche
Schweizer Hochdeutsch: Rotbuche
dolnoserbski: Cerwjeny buk
Ελληνικά: Δασική οξιά
Esperanto: Eŭropa fago
eesti: Harilik pöök
euskara: Pago arrunt
فارسی: راش اروپایی
suomi: Euroopanpyökki, lehtopyökki
føroyskt: Bók
français: Hêtre commun, hêtre
arpetan: Fo
Nordfriisk: Ruadbööke
Gaeilge: Feá
galego: Faia
Alemannisch: Buche
עברית: אשור אירופי
hrvatski: Bukva
hornjoserbsce: Lěsny buk
magyar: Európai bükk
հայերեն: Հաճարենի անտառային
íslenska: Skógarbeyki
italiano: Faggio
日本語: ヨーロッパブナ
한국어: 유럽너도밤나무
kernowek: Fow
Lëtzebuergesch: Routbuch
Limburgs: Beuk
lietuvių: Paprastasis bukas
latviešu: Eiropas dižskābardis
македонски: европска бука
മലയാളം: ഫാഗസ് സിൽവറ്റിക്ക
norsk bokmål: Bøk
Nederlands: Beuk, beuk
norsk nynorsk: Bøk
norsk: Bøk
occitan: Fau europèu
Picard: Hète
polski: Buk zwyczajny
português: Faia-europeia
português do Brasil: Faia-europeia
Runa Simi: Iwrupa haya
rumantsch: Fau verd
română: Fag
русский: Бук европейский
sardu: Fau
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Bukva
slovenčina: Buk lesný
slovenščina: Bukev
српски / srpski: Буква / Bukva
svenska: Bok
Türkçe: Avrupa kayını
українська: Бук лісовий
vèneto: Fagaro
Tiếng Việt: Dẻ gai châu Âu
吴语: 欧洲山毛榉
მარგალური: ევროპული ჭყონი
中文: 欧洲山毛榉, 欧洲水青冈
中文（中国大陆）: 欧洲山毛榉
中文（简体）: 欧洲山毛榉
中文（繁體）: 歐洲山毛櫸
中文（香港）: 歐洲山毛櫸
中文（新加坡）: 欧洲山毛榉
中文（臺灣）: 歐洲山毛櫸

Images of the whole plant & Natural habitats[edit]

Belgium[edit]

Autumn leaves in Morlanwelz-Mariemont, Belgium
Rocherath.
Fagus Sylvatica in Esneux.
Fetich tree in Jalhay.
Fagus Sylvatica in Roly.
Fagus Sylvatica in La Hulpe.
Autumn leaves in La Hulpe, Belgium
Fagus Sylvatica in La Hulpe.
Foret de Soignes - Zonienwoud

Bulgaria[edit]

North slope of Botev, Stara Planina, Bulgaria
Sredna Gora mountains.

Denmark[edit]

Autumn in the beech forests at Gråsten (Gravenstein)
New leaves, Grib Forest, Denmark

France[edit]

Pays de Caux, Normandy.
Forest in Saint-Antoine, Cozzano, Corsica.
Plateau d'Albion, single tree

Hungary[edit]

Beech forest in the Mátra Mts. (Hungary)

Italy[edit]

Beech forest near the Rocca Barbena
Veteran beech tree in Mallare
Faggio di San Francesco veteran tree in Rivodutri
Il "faggio del piccione"

Germany[edit]

Northbrandenburg.
Northbrandenburg
Marburg, Germany
Beech forest called Gespensterwald near Rostock
Bad Nenndorf
Suentel forest
Melica uniflora in herbal str.
Forest between the Waterfall of Urach and Castle Hohenurach in Baden-Württemberg.
Himmeldunkberg in the Rhön.
Forests near the Rhön.

Netherlands[edit]

old Copper beech near Bladel, The Netherlands

Norway[edit]

"Bøkeskogen" in Larvik, Norway

Poland[edit]

Downview at tree tops. (Poland, Nature reserve Szczyt Wieżyca)
In forest with Picea abies and Abies alba, Silesian Beskids, Poland
Forest, Silesian Beskids, Poland
Silesian Beskids, Poland
Sudecka forest
Kraków Planty Park

Slovakia[edit]

Spain[edit]

Bosque de hayas en el Monte Saja (Cantabria)
La Fageda d'en Jordà (Catalonia)
Fagus sylvatica var. 'purpurea tricolor' in Parque del Oeste, Madrid.
Beeches in Ordunte province of Burgos.
Beeches in Irati.
Beeches in Hayedo de Montejo.

Switzerland[edit]

Schinberg, Fricktal, Switzerland
Switzerland, snow-covered

United Kingdom[edit]

Sutton Coldfield Park
Beech in autumn, Scotland

Remarkable beeches[edit]

Beech in Urwald Sababurg 8,83m circumference measured in 2005
Called Li Béni Hesse in Bonnerue (Belgium)
8m cicumference measured in 2007 - Bonnerue, Belgium
l’Arbre à deux jambes (Tree if two legs) in Arquennes, Belgium.
Remarkable beech in Esneux (Belgium). 686 cm at 150 cm from the ground (2007).
View of the same beech in Esneux.
250 years, in Neualbenreuth.
Planted in 1859, Category:Villa Visconti Borromeo Arese Litta (Lainate), Italy.
300 years, Harthausen, Deutschland.
300 years, Maienfeld, Schweiz.
Fagus sylvatica var. ‘Atropunicea’ in the Park of Mariemont, Belgium. 535 cm of circumference at 150cm from the ground (2007)

Special growth forms[edit]

Hedges[edit]

Hedge in Solwaster, (Belgium)
Meikleour Beech Hedge

Trees grown from untended hedges[edit]

Pasture beech[edit]

The pasture bech
is a particular species or growth habit.
When leaves and branches are nibbled by the grazing animals,
the trees have no main trunk and grow bushy.

Bonsai[edit]

In the botanical garden of Giardino dei Semplici di Firenze.
In the North Carolina Arboretum, Asheville, North Carolina, USA.

Morphology[edit]

Roots[edit]

Stems and branches[edit]

Textura de la corteza
Fagus sylvatica var. quercoides
Trunk, Beskid Żywiecki, Poland.
Dead trunk with fungi
Beech in Poland
Beech in Bystrc

Seedling[edit]

Buds[edit]

Leaves[edit]

Leaves with hairs
Leaves
Young leaf
Bottom side of young leaves, Poland
young leaves with hairs
Fagus sylvatica, follaje otoñal
Leaf in autumn colour
Lammas shoot
English: Young leaves of a 4 months old european beech
English: Young leave of a 4 months old european beech - closeup
English: Terminal shoot of a 4 months old european beech
'Rohan Weeping'

Flowers[edit]

Flowers
Flowers
male flowers (left), female flower (right)

Capsules (fruit) & Seeds[edit]

Cultivars[edit]

Diseases[edit]

Mikiola fagi (Cecidomyiidae) galls on foliage[edit]

Hartigiola annulipes galls on foliage[edit]

Rhynchaenus fagi (Orchestes fagi)[edit]

Fungus[edit]

Canker[edit]

Wood[edit]

beech-fuelwood, Germany
Cross section, Silesian Beskids, Poland
near Jaworzyna Krynicka, Poland
Fagus sylvatica - Museum specimen

Fossil forms[edit]

Fagus sylvatica pliocenica

Botanical illustrations[edit]

Original scan
Bukev. (Fágus silvática.)
Illustration #112 in: Martin Cilenšek: Naše škodljive rastline, Celovec (1892)
Fagus sylvatica
plate 140 in:
Wayside and woodland blossoms,
1895
Fagus sylvatica
plate 140 in:
Wayside and woodland blossoms,
1895

alternative