Picea abies

Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Picea abies']

English: Norway Spruce, Norway spruce
العربية: تنوب شوحي
مصرى: تنوب شوحى
azərbaycanca: Adi küknar
تۆرکجه: عادی کوکنار
беларуская: Елка еўрапейская
беларуская (тарашкевіца): Елка
български: Обикновен смърч
bosanski: Smrča
català: Avet roig
corsu: Pinu rossu
čeština: smrk ztepilý
kaszëbsczi: Dana
Cymraeg: Sbriwsen Norwy
dansk: Rødgran
Deutsch: Gemeine Fichte, Gewöhnliche Fichte
dolnoserbski: Wšedny škrjok
Ελληνικά: Ερυθρελάτη
Esperanto: Ordinara piceo
español: Picea de Noruega
eesti: Harilik kuusk
euskara: Izei gorri
فارسی: نوئل نروژی
suomi: metsäkuusi
français: Épicéa commun
arpetan: Pèssa
Gaeilge: Sprús Lochlannach
galego: Abeto Vermello
עברית: אשוחית נורבגית
hrvatski: Smreka
hornjoserbsce: Wšědny šmrěk
magyar: lucfenyő
հայերեն: Եղևնի սովորական
íslenska: Rauðgreni
italiano: Abete rosso
日本語: オウシュウトウヒ
ქართული: ჩვეულებრივი ნაძვი
한국어: 독일가문비나무
перем коми: Миян кӧз
Lëtzebuergesch: Fiicht
Limburgs: Vich
Ladin: Aidin - peció
lietuvių: Paprastoji eglė
latviešu: Parastā egle
македонски: Обична смрча
кырык мары: Кож
эрзянь: Европань куз
norsk bokmål: Gran
Nederlands: Fijnspar
norsk nynorsk: Gran
norsk: Gran
polski: świerk pospolity
پښتو: اروپايي صنوبر
Runa Simi: Pisya
rumantsch: Pign
română: Molid
русский: Ель обыкновенная, или европейская
armãneashti: Muliftu
žemaitėška: Eglė
slovenčina: Smrek obyčajný
slovenščina: Navadna smreka
anarâškielâ: Kuosâ
српски / srpski: Европска смрча
српски (ћирилица): Смрча
srpski (latinica): Smrča
svenska: Gran
Türkçe: Avrupa ladini
українська: Ялина європейська
vepsän kel’: Järgeline kuz'
Tiếng Việt: Vân sam Na Uy
吴语: 欧洲云杉
中文: 歐洲雲杉, 欧洲云杉
中文（中国大陆）: 欧洲云杉
中文（简体）: 欧洲云杉
中文（繁體）: 歐洲雲杉
中文（香港）: 歐洲雲杉
中文（新加坡）: 欧洲云杉
中文（臺灣）: 歐洲雲杉

Domain: Eukaryota • Regnum: Plantae • Phylum: Pinophyta • Ordo: Pinales • Familia: Pinaceae • Genus: Picea • Species: Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.

Images of the whole plant[edit]

in Keila, Estonia
Lappeenranta, Finland
Farrenberg, Germany
Engelberg, Switzerland
Karkonosze, Poland
Moderfeid, Alsace, France
In snow, Marki, Poland
Trunk with knots, spring Vltava river, Šumava, Czech Republic
Tree
Tree
Top of tree, with cones
Broken tree with regrowth
Roots of fallen tree; young trees behind
Trees in Stołowe Mountains
Stołowe Mountains
in Keila, Estonia
Trees in Silesian Beskids, Poland
English: Seedling in Austria
Deutsch: Keimling in Kärnten

Natural habitats[edit]

Engelberg, Switzerland
Vestfold, Norway
Korpimäcki reserve, Sweden
Piz Uccello, Switzerland
Scheibbs, Austria
Scheibbs, Austria
In winter snow, Shipka Pass, Bulgaria
in forest with Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica, Silesian Beskids, Poland

Bark[edit]

Resin

Leaves[edit]

spring buds opening
branch covered with lichen

Cones[edit]

Young female cone
Immature cone
Immature cone
Immature cone
Immature cone
Immature cone
Immature seed cones (dark pink), pollen cones (yellow-pink)
Pollen cone
Pollen cones
Pollen cones
Mature female cone
twigs with cones

Seeds[edit]

Winged seeds - Madrid, Spain

Native distribution areas[edit]

Botanical illustrations[edit]

Picea abies
(as syn.
Abies excelsa)
plate 154 in:
Wayside and woodland blossoms,
1895
Picea abies
(as syn.
Abies excelsa)
plate 154 in:
Wayside and woodland blossoms,
1895

alternative
crop
Illustration of Picea abies cone
Illustration of Picea abies cones
Illustration of Picea abies foliage
Illustration of Picea abies male cones
Illustration of Picea abies tree

Pests, diseases and damage[edit]

Czech Republic; some trees killed by Ips typographus
Gall caused by Adelges sp.
Gall caused by Adelges sp.
Gall caused by Adelges sp.
Browsing damage by Capreolus capreolus
Browsing damage by Capreolus capreolus
Browsing damage by Capreolus capreolus
Cones eaten by rodents
Cones eaten by rodents
Brown rot fungal decay, blown down
Snag tree with Fomitopsis pinicola with white rot
Trees killed by acid rain pollution, Erzgebirge, Germany
Trees killed by acid rain pollution, Erzgebirge, Germany
New plantation, replanted on forest killed by acid rain, Erzgebirge, Germany
Resin exudation from a sawn-off branch
Resin
Gall
Gall
Gall
Gall
Gall
Witch's broom

Storm damage[edit]

Czech Republic
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany
Storm Kyrill in Germany

Wood[edit]

Wood
Reaction-wood in a crosscut of a Spruce stump (Picea abies) growing on soft ground in a bog, near Björbo, Sweden (60°27'N 14°40'E)
Reaction-wood, Białowieża, Polska
Tree rings. (Dalarna, Sweden)
The two boards to the left are both of Scots Pine wood (Pinus sylvestris), and the one to the right is of Norway Spruce wood (Picea abies).
Simple pit and intercellular spaces between two ray parenchyma cells
Bordered pits
Piceoid, half-bordered pit in the cross field
Picea abies - Museum specimen