File:A history of mediæval and modern Europe for secondary schools (1920) (14577737730).jpg

Identifier: historyofmediv00davi (find matches)
Title: A history of mediæval and modern Europe for secondary schools
Year: 1920 (1920s)
Authors: Davis, William Stearns, 1877-1930 McKendrick, Norman Shaw, 1876-
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Publisher: Boston, New York (etc.) Houghton Mifflin company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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their dominions. At lastthe alhes gained such advantages that the pride of the AustrianHapsburgs was humbled. Ferdinand III (1637-57), who hadsucceeded his father Ferdinand II, consented to peace. Afternigh interminable delays a congress of ambassadors signedthe Peace of Westphalia, which gave rest to a weary land. 175. The Peace of Westphalia (1648). The Treaty ofWestphalia was a memorable document. Austria and theCatholic Powers solemnly recognized the rights of all Protes-tant states which had preserved their independence up to1624;- and the states of both religions were put on absolute 1 After the death of Gustavus, the real ruler of Sweden was tlie able chancellorOxenstierna, who ruled for the late kings infant daughter,-Queen Christina:some of the Swedish commanders, e.g., Torstenson, were highly capable soldiers,but they lacked the nobility of character which had sent their great so\-ereignupon his crusade. 2 This saved most of the Protestants of South Germany, but assented to
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GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS King of Sweden (1611-32)Born 1594 Died 1632 THE THIRTY YEARS WAR IN GERMANY 307 equality in all the affairs of that very shadowy federation stillcalled the Holy Roman Empire. A new electorate (aneighth) was created in the Lower Palatinate (a Rhine district)for the heirs of that unlucky Elector Frederick of the Palatin-ate, who had been evicted from his lands in favor of Bavaria:France was given a stripof territory in Alsacealong the Rhine, Swe-den a large portion ofPomerania. The vari-ous German states,large and small, wereconfirmed in their localrights in so ample amanner that they prac-tically became indepen-dent nations in all butname, with only themost nominal overlord-ship by the Emperor.For political purposes,then, the Peace of West-phalia marks (i) thepractical, though notthe confessed, end ofthe medic-eval Empire, founded by Charlemagne and theOttos; (2) the admission of Protestants to the councils ofEurope, and, therefore, the termination of most of the reli

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